1. You need… 3 colored pencils or markers: Red Blue Yellow
Your periodic table of elements

2. Atomic Structure
and the
Periodic Table

3. Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
In the center of Matterville, there is a place called the Nucleus Arcade, where two members of the Atoms Family like to hang out. Perky Patty Proton, like her sisters, is quite large with a huge smile and eyes that sparkle (+). Patty is always happy and has a very positive personality. Nerdy Nelda Neutron is large like Patty, but she has a boring, flat mouth and eyes with zero expression (o). Her family is very apathetic and neutral about everything. Patty, Nelda, and their sisters spend all their time at the arcade.
Name:
Patty Proton
Description:
Positive
Favorite Activity:
Hanging out at the Nucleus Arcade
Name:
Nelda Neutron
Description:
Neutral
Favorite Activity:
Hanging out at the Nucleus Arcade

4. Around the Nucleus Arcade, you will find a series of roadways that are used by another member of the Atoms Family, Enraged Elliott Electron. Elliott races madly around the Arcade on his bright red chrome-plated Harley-Davidson. He rides so fast that no one can be sure where he is at any time. Elliott is much smaller than Patty and Nelda and he is always angry because these bigger relatives will not let him in the Arcade. He has a frown on his face, eyes that are squinted with anger, and a very negative (-) attitude.
Name:
Elliott Electron
Description:
Negative
Favorite Activity:
Racing around the arcade

5. The first energy street can only hold only two Electron brothers
The first energy street can only hold only two Electron brothers. The second energy street, called the Energy Freeway, can hold 8 brothers. The third energy street, called the Energy Superhighway, can hold 18 of the brothers.
Matterville
Energy Superhighway Can hold 18 electrons
Energy Freeway Can hold 8 electrons
Nucleus Arcade Contains protons & neutrons
Energy Street Can hold 2 electrons

6. The morale of Matterville is stable as long as each negative Electron brother is balanced out by one positive Proton sister. The number of residents in Matterville depends on the Proton and Neutron families.
Challenge: What would happen to the morale of Matterville if one Elliott Electron was kidnapped?

7. The Atom

8. Part A: How big is an atom?
Let’s investigate the world of the very small by cutting a 28 centimeter strip of paper in half as many times as you can. If you can cut the strip of paper in half 31 times you will end up with a piece of paper the size of an atom!

9. Part A: How big is an atom?
What you will do:
Take your strip of paper and cut it into equal halves.
Cut one of the remaining pieces of paper into equal halves.
Continue to cut the strip into equal halves as many times as you can.
Make all cuts parallel to the first one. When the width gets longer than the length, you may cut off the excess, but that does not count as a cut.

10. Part A: How big is an atom?
How far did you get? _______ cuts What is that equal to?

11. Cut 1: Child's hand, pockets Cut 2: Fingers, ears, toes Cut 3: Watch, mushroom, eye Cut 4: Keyboard keys, rings, insects Cut 6: Poppy seeds Cut 8: Thread. Congratulations if you’re still in! Cut 10: Still cutting? Most have quit by now!! Cut 12: Microscopic range, human hair Cut 14: Width of paper, microchip components Cut 18: Water purification openings, bacteria Cut 19: Visible light waves Cut 24: Electron microscope range Cut 31: The size of an Atom!

12. Here are some comparisons to think about!

13. Part B: The Smallest Part of Matter
You need 3 colored pencils…
Red
Blue
Yellow

14. All matter is made of very tiny particles
All matter is made of very tiny particles. These particles keep the same characteristics or properties that the matter has. These particles are called atoms. All atoms are about the same size and they are VERY tiny. An atom is more than one million times smaller than the thickness of a single hair on your head. It would take billions of atoms just to make up the period after the end of this sentence.

15. Because atoms are so small, scientists have never really been able to see them. Using very powerful microscopes, scientists have been able to see evidence of atoms and how they behave. From these observations, they have developed a model of what they believe atoms look like. The most recent model is known as the Electron Cloud model.

16. Positive charge
Heavy particle
Lives in the nucleus +
A. Proton + +

17. B. Neutron
No charge
Lives in nucleus + + +

18. C. Nucleus
Protons and Neutrons
Mass of the atom + + +

19. D. Electron Negative Charge Very light Lives in shells Moves fast + +

20. What element does this atom model represent?

22. Just how small is an atom?

23. You need 4 colored pencils or markers…
Blue
Yellow
Green
Your periodic table of elements

24. Dogs Teaching Chemistry!

25. Part C: Atomic Structure
Draw five protons in the nucleus
of the atom. Label them with their
charge.
2. Draw six neutrons in the nucleus
of the atom.
Draw TWO electrons in the first
energy level and label them with
their charge.
Draw THREE electrons in the
second energy level and label
them with their charge.
What element is represented by
the diagram?
BORON

26. Part D: Atomic Calculations
Find Sodium on your periodic table:
_____
Sodium
# of _______________ and # of _______________
_______________ + _______________

27. Part D: Atomic Calculations
Find Sodium on your periodic table: 11 Na
Sodium 23
# of _______________ and # of _______________
Atomic Number
Symbol
Element Name
_______________ + _______________
Atomic Mass

28. Part D: Atomic Calculations
Find Sodium on your periodic table: PE 11 Na
Sodium 23
# of PROTONS and # of ELECTRONS
Atomic Number
Symbol
Atomic Number
PROTONS + NEUTRONS
Atomic Mass

29. Part E: We can use this information to calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom of each element. 11 Na
Sodium 23
Atomic Number: _____
Atomic Mass: _____
# P _____
# N _____
# E _____

30. Part E: We can use this information to calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom of each element. PE 11 Na
Sodium 23
Atomic Number: 11
Atomic Mass: 23
# P 11
# N 12
# E 11
11 P
12 N

31. Part E: We can use this information to calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom of each element.
Atomic Number: 11
Atomic Mass: 23
# P 11
# N 12
# E 11
Electrons live in shells:
1st = ______
2nd = ______
3rd = ______
11 P
12 N

32. Part E: We can use this information to calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom of each element.
Atomic Number: 11
Atomic Mass: 23
# P 11
# N 12
# E 11
Electrons live in shells:
1st = 2
2nd = 8
3rd = 18
11 P
12 N
Bohr Model
A. Name an element that has larger atoms than sodium. ________________________
B. Name an element that has smaller atoms that sodium. ________________________

33. Atomic Math Challenge 11 Na Sodium 23
Atomic Number
Atomic number equals the number of
PROTONS and ELECTRONS
Atomic mass equals the number of
PROTONS + NEUTRONS
Symbol
Element Name
Atomic Mass
Determine if the element is a metal, nonmetal or metalloid. Use blue to represent metals, yellow to represent nonmetals and green to represent metalloids.

34. Let’s Try It! 8 O Oxygen 16 Atomic # = _____ Atomic Mass= _____
# of Protons = ______
# of Neutrons = ______
# of Electrons = ______

35. Let’s Try It! 8 O Oxygen 16 Atomic # = 8 Atomic Mass= 16PE 8 O
Oxygen 16
Atomic # = 8
Atomic Mass= 16
# of Protons = 8
# of Neutrons = 8
# of Electrons = 8
bottom - top

36. Is oxygen a metal, nonmetal or metalloid?8 O
Oxygen 16
Atomic # = 8
Atomic Mass= 16
# of Protons = 8
# of Neutrons = 8
# of Electrons = 8
NONMETAL!

37. 8 O Oxygen 16 Atomic # = 8 Atomic Mass= 16 # of Protons = 8
Determine if the element is a metal, nonmetal or metalloid. Use blue to represent metals, yellow to represent nonmetals and green to represent metalloids. 8 O
Oxygen 16
Atomic # = 8
Atomic Mass= 16
# of Protons = 8
# of Neutrons = 8
# of Electrons = 8

38. 8 O Oxygen 16 Atomic # = 8 Atomic Mass= 16 # of Protons = 8
Determine if the element is a metal, nonmetal or metalloid. Use blue to represent metals, yellow to represent nonmetals and green to represent metalloids. 8 O
Oxygen 16
Atomic # = 8
Atomic Mass= 16
# of Protons = 8
# of Neutrons = 8
# of Electrons = 8
Homework
Complete the Atomic Math Challenge. Use colored pencils or markers to color in each element square.

39. 8 O Oxygen 16 Atomic Math Challenge Atomic # = 8 Atomic Mass= 168 O
Oxygen 16
Atomic # = 8
Atomic Mass= 16
# of Protons = 8
# of Neutrons = 8
# of Electrons = 8

40. 30 Zn Zinc 65 Atomic Math Challenge Atomic # = 30 Atomic Mass= 6530 Zn
Zinc 65
Atomic # = 30
Atomic Mass= 65
# of Protons = 30
# of Neutrons = 35
# of Electrons = 30

41. 3 Li Lithium 7 Atomic Math Challenge Atomic # = 3 Atomic Mass= 73 Li
Lithium 7
Atomic # = 3
Atomic Mass= 7
# of Protons = 3
# of Neutrons = 4
# of Electrons = 3

42. 14 Si Silicon 28 Atomic Math Challenge Atomic # = 14 Atomic Mass= 2814 Si
Silicon 28
Atomic # = 14
Atomic Mass= 28
# of Protons = 14
# of Neutrons = 14
# of Electrons = 14

43. 5 B Boron 11 Atomic Math Challenge Atomic # = 5 Atomic Mass= 115 B
Boron 11
Atomic # = 5
Atomic Mass= 11
# of Protons = 5
# of Neutrons = 6
# of Electrons = 5

44. 35 Br Bromine 80 Atomic Math Challenge Atomic # = 35 Atomic Mass= 8035 Br
Bromine 80
Atomic # = 35
Atomic Mass= 80
# of Protons = 35
# of Neutrons = 45
# of Electrons = 35

45. 16 S Sulfur 32 Atomic Math Challenge Atomic # = 16 Atomic Mass= 3216 S
Sulfur 32
Atomic # = 16
Atomic Mass= 32
# of Protons = 16
# of Neutrons = 16
# of Electrons = 16

46. 53 I Iodine 127 Atomic Math Challenge Atomic # = 53 Atomic Mass= 12753 I
Iodine
127
Atomic # = 53
Atomic Mass= 127
# of Protons = 53
# of Neutrons = 74
# of Electrons = 53

47. 25 Mn Manganese 55 Atomic Math Challenge Atomic # = 25 Atomic Mass= 5525 Mn
Manganese 55
Atomic # = 25
Atomic Mass= 55
# of Protons = 25
# of Neutrons = 30
# of Electrons = 25

48. 12 Mg Magnesium 24 Atomic Math Challenge Atomic # = 12 Atomic Mass= 2412 Mg
Magnesium 24
Atomic # = 12
Atomic Mass= 24
# of Protons = 12
# of Neutrons = 12
# of Electrons = 12

49. 18 Ar Argon 40 Atomic Math Challenge Atomic # = 18 Atomic Mass= 4018 Ar
Argon 40
Atomic # = 18
Atomic Mass= 40
# of Protons = 18
# of Neutrons = 22
# of Electrons = 18

50. 19 K Potassium 39 Atomic Math Challenge Atomic # = 19 Atomic Mass= 3919 K
Potassium 39
Atomic # = 19
Atomic Mass= 39
# of Protons = 19
# of Neutrons = 20
# of Electrons = 19

51. 79 Au Gold 197 Atomic Math Challenge Atomic # = 79 Atomic Mass= 19779 Au
Gold
197
Atomic # = 79
Atomic Mass= 197
# of Protons = 79
# of Neutrons = 118
# of Electrons = 79

52. 1 H Hydrogen Atomic Math Challenge Atomic # = 1 Atomic Mass= 11 H
Hydrogen
Atomic # = 1
Atomic Mass= 1
# of Protons = 1
# of Neutrons = 0
# of Electrons = 1

53. 9 F Fluorine 19 Atomic Math Challenge Atomic # = 9 Atomic Mass= 199 F
Fluorine 19
Atomic # = 9
Atomic Mass= 19
# of Protons = 9
# of Neutrons = 10
# of Electrons = 9