1. Fitzgerald and Hemingway
Chapter 14
Fitzgerald and Hemingway

2. I. Modern fiction before 1945
A. Background
B. Lost generation
Lost generation refers to the disillusioned intellectuals and aesthetes of the years following WWI, who rebelled against former ideals and values but could replace them only by despair or a cynical hedonism. The remark of Gertrude Stein, " You are all a lost generation." Addressed to Hemingway, was used as a preface to the latter's novel The Sun Also Rises, which brilliantly describes an expatriate group typical of the " lost generation". Other expatriate American authors of the period to whom the term is generally applied included E. E. Cummings, Fitzgerald, and Ezra Pound and so on.

3. I. F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940)
1. Literary Status
Prince of the Jazz Age
Representative of the Lost Generation of the Twenties
an American writer of novels and short stories in the Jazz Age, a term he coined himself.
widely regarded as one of the twentieth century's greatest.
He finished four novels, including The Great Gatsby and dozens of short stories that treat themes of youth and promise along with despair and age.
2. His Life And Career (pp )
Born in 1896 into a St. Paul middle class family
Princeton University – Friends with Edmund Wilson – editor – his meeting Zelda Sayre

4. I. F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940)
3. His major works
Novels
This Side of Paradise 1920
The Beautiful and Damned (New York: Scribner, 1922)
The Great Gatsby (New York: Scribner, 1925)
Tender Is the Night (New York: Scribner, 1934)
The Last Tycoon (New York: Scribners, 1942)
Short Story Collections
Flappers and Philosophers (1920)
Tales of the Jazz Age (1922)
All the Sad Young Men (1926)
Taps at Reveille (1935)
Babylon Revisited and Other Stories (1960)
The Short Stories of F. Scott Fitzgerald (1989)

6. I. F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940)
4. His masterpiece: The Great Gatsby (pp )
A. content: (para.2, p.222)
He found in his personal experience the embodiment of that of the nation and created a myth out of American life.
Gatsby – Daisy – Tom Buchanan
B. theme: (para.3, p.222)
the disillusionment of American dream
Gatsby’s experience/personal – the American experience/national
C. Narrative techniques (pp )
The choice of dramatic narrator – Nick Carraway
The limited omniscience of Nick – withholding and then unfolding – thus creating a superb effect of mystery and suspense
D. Writing Style: (p.225)
Smooth, sensitive, original in its diction and metaphors
Its simplicity and gracefulness;
its bold impressionistic and colorful quality

7. I. F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940)
5. Fitzgerald and the 1920s
Essentially a 1920s person
Representative of both the Lost generation and the Jazz Age
Both Insider and outsider of his time

9. The grave of F. Scott Fitzgerald and Zelda Fitzgerald in St
The grave of F. Scott Fitzgerald and Zelda Fitzgerald in St. Mary's Catholic Cemetery in Rockville, Maryland. The quote is the final line of The Great Gatsby.

13. II. Ernest Hemingway （1899-1961）
1. Literary Status
writer and journalist. expatriate American writer
The representative of the Lost Generation
Journalistic and colloquial style
the Pulitzer Prize for The Old Man and the Sea in 1954
the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954
2. Life and Career (pp.226-7)
Born in Oak Park, Illinois – father: a physician noted for hunting and fishing – boxing and football

14. his Birth place in Oak Park, Illinois

15. Hemingway’s Marriages
Hemingway’s Spouses
Elizabeth Hadley Richardson (1921–1927) Pauline Pfeiffer (1927–1940) Martha Gellhorn (1940–1945) Mary Welsh Hemingway (1946–1961)

16. Elizabeth Hadley Richardson
Martha Gellhorn and Hemingway in 1941
Pauline Pfeiffer and Hemingway
Elizabeth Hadley Richardson

17. Mary Welsh Heming's Fourth Wife

18. 3. Hemingway’s Works Works Collections Novels (1925) In Our Time
(1927) Men Without Women
(1933) Winner Take Nothing
(1936) The Snows of Kilimanjaro
(1938) The Fifth Column
Nonfiction
(1932) Death in the Afternoon
(1935) Green Hills of Africa
(1964) A Moveable Feast
(1985) The Dangerous Summer
(2005) Under Kilimanjaro
Works
Novels
(1926) The Torrents of Spring
(1926) The Sun Also Rises
(1928) A Farewell to Arms
(1937) To Have and Have Not
(1940) For Whom the Bell Tolls
(1950) Across the River and Into
the Trees
(1952) The Old Man and the Sea
(1970) Islands in the Stream

19. II. Ernest Hemingway （1899-1961）
Hemingway’s theme – Hemingway’s hero – Hemingway’s style
Grace under pressure -- Iceberg Principle
4. Hemingway’s Writings in different periods
A. Hemingway in the 1920s （pp.227-9）
In Our Time (1925) – Nick Adams (p.227) short-story collection
The Torrents of Spring (1926) (his first novel)
The Sun Also Rises (1926) – the Lost Generation – Jake Barnes,
Robert Cohn, Brett Ashley
Men Without Women (1927) (Collection)
A Farewell to Arms (1928) – footnote to The Sun Also Rises
Frederic Henry, Catherine

20. 4. Hemingway’s masterpieces in different periods
B. Hemingway in the 1930s
Novel:
To Have and Have Not (1937) (novel)
collections
Winner Take Nothing (1933) (collection)
The Snows of Kilimanjaro (1936) (collection)
The Fifth Column (1938) (collection)
non-fiction
Death in the Afternoon (1932) (non-fiction)
Green Hills of Africa (1935) (non-fiction)

21. 4. Hemingway’s Writings in different periods
C. Hemingway in the 1940s
novel
For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940)
D. Hemingway in the 1950s
Novels:
Across the River and Into the Trees (1950)
The Old Man and the Sea (1952) Robert Jordan
E. Hemingway’s Posthumous Works
Novel: Islands in the Stream (1970)
Nonfiction:
A Moveable Feast (1964)
The Dangerous Summer (1985)
Under Kilimanjaro (2005)

22. Ernest Hemingway House on Key West

23. Hemingway in World War I uniform

24. Agnes von Kurowsky Stanfield in Milan in 1918 (the prototype of Catherine in A Farewell to Arms)

30. Hemingway's 1921 apartment at 1239 North Dearborn, Chicago

31. The Hemingway-Pfeiffer House, built in 1927

32. Hotel Ambos Mundos, Havana, Hemingway's first residence in Cuba ( ) where most of For Whom the Bell Tolls was written