1. Prepared by Brittany Carciofini and Aleksandr vorona (ELC interns)
APA style Referencing
Prepared by Brittany Carciofini and Aleksandr vorona (ELC interns)

2. PLAN What is Plagiarism What is APA style APA style: in text
APA style: bibliography, references
Examples
Common mistakes
Useful links

3. Plagiarism
is the "wrongful appropriation" and "stealing and publication" of another author’s “language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions” and the representation of them as one’s own original work.

4. WHAT IS CITATION?
the page numbers of the material you are borrowing
A "citation" is the way you tell your readers that certain material in your work came from another source. It also gives your readers the information necessary to find that source again, including:
the title of the work
information about the author
the name and location of the company that published your copy of the source
the date your copy was published

5. WHY SHOULD I CITE SOURCES?
citations are extremely helpful to anyone who wants to find out more about your ideas and where they came from
not all sources are good or right -- your own ideas may often be more accurate or interesting than those of your sources. Proper citation will keep you from taking the rap for someone else's bad ideas
citing sources shows the amount of research you've done
citing sources strengthens your work by lending outside support to your ideas
Giving credit to the original author by citing sources is the only way to use other people's work without plagiarizing. But there are a number of other reasons to cite sources:

6. WHEN DO I NEED TO CITE?
whenever you use quotes
whenever you paraphrase
whenever you use an idea that someone else has already expressed
whenever you make specific reference to the work of another
whenever someone else's work has been critical in developing your own ideas
Whenever you borrow words or ideas, you need to acknowledge their source

7. What is APA style? American Psychological Association
Common style used for essays and papers in the social sciences.
Besides APA style citation there is also:
MLA style - Humanities
Chicago style – Business, History, and the Fine Arts
IEEE style – Engineering, computer science, and Information technology.
The majority of Majors at UIC will use APA. Only a few will need to use the others.
Briefly mention the other styles so that they know there are others and they need to make sure they use the correct form.

8. APA style: in Text
Whether you use direct quotes, paraphrasing, or summarizing you must give credit to the original author in the text.
With APA follow the author-date method
Author’s last name and the year of publication should appear in the text, ex. (Jones, 1998).

9. APA style: in Text
Always capitalize proper nouns, including author names and initials: D. Jones
If you say the title of a source in your paper, capitalize all words that are four letters long or greater within the title of a source: Permanence and Change.
Exceptions apply to short words that are verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs: Writing New Media, There is Nothing Left to Lose.

10. APA style: in Text
Put “quotation marks” around the titles of shorter works such as
journal articles,
articles from edited collections,
television series episodes,
and song titles:
“Multimedia Narration: Constructing Possible Worlds””;
“The One Where Chandler Can’t Cry.”
Italicize or underline the titles of longer works like
books
edited collections,
movies,
television series,
documentaries,
albums:
The Closing of the American Mind;
The Wizard of Oz;
Friends

11. APA style: in Text
If you are directly quoting from a work you need to include the author, year of publication, and the page number.
Introduce the quotation (with author’s last name and the date):
According to Jones (1998), "Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time" (p. 199). Jones (1998) found "students often had difficulty using APA style" (p. 199); what implications does this have for teachers?
If you do not say the author’s name in the sentence then place at the end:
She stated, "Students often had difficulty using APA style" (Jones, 1998, p. 199), but she did not offer an explanation as to why.

12. APA style: in Text
Direct quotations that are 40 words, or longer should be placed in a free-standing block of typewritten lines, with no quotation marks.
If you paraphrase or summarize an idea from another work you still need to cite it!

13. APA style: Bibliography/ References
Your reference list (the sources used in your paper) should appear at the end of your paper.
Each source you cite in the paper must appear in your reference list.
Your references should begin on a new page and you should label this page “References” or “Bibliography”

14. APA style: Bibliography/ References
All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference list should be indented ½ inch from the left margin – Hanging indentation
Author’s last name comes first, followed by initials. List up to seven authors if more than one.
Ex: Carciofini, B. & Vorona, A.
Entries should be alphabetized

15. Books Book in print: Book found online
Author, A. A.. (Year of Publication). Title of work. Publisher City, State: Publisher.
Example:
Finney, J. (1970). Time and again. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.
Book found online
Author, A. A.. (Year of Publication). Title of work. Retrieved from

16. Websites General website w/ Author: Website without Author:
Author, A. A. (Year, Month Date of Publication). Article title. Retrieved from URL
Simmons, B. (2015, January 9). The tale of two Flaccos. Retrieved from triangle/the-tale-of-two-flaccos/
Example:
Website without Author:
Article title. (Year, Month Date of Publication). Retrieved from URL

17. Journal Article Journal article in print:
Author, A. A.. (Publication Year). Article title. Periodical Title, Volume(Issue), pg-pg.
Journal article in print:
Nevin, A. (1990). The changing of teacher education special education. Teacher Education and Special Education: The Journal of the Teacher Education Division of the Council for Exceptional Children, 13(3-4),
Example:
Journal article found online:
Author, A.A.. (Publication Year). Article title. Periodical Title, Volume(Issue), pg-pg. doi:XX.XXXXX or Retrieved from journal URL

18. Film
Film:
Producer, A.A. (Producer), & Director, A.A. (Director). (Release Year). Title of motion picture [Motion Picture]. Country of Origin: Studio
Example
Bender, L. (Producer), & Tarantino, Q. (Director). (1994). Pulp fiction [Motion Picture]. United States: Miramax.

19. TV Show/ Radio Broadcast
Others
TV Show/ Radio Broadcast
Magazine
Newspaper
Photograph
Encyclopedia
Lecture
Interview
These are some other kinds of sources that you may need to cite. Look up how to properly cite them if need be:

20. Common mistakes

21. In-text citations 1. Incorrect use of ampersands
When citing a work with multiple authors, writers sometimes use the word ‘and’ instead of using the ampersand ‘&’. This might seem like a small error, but it is something that some teachers highly frown upon, and something that is definitely not allowed when submitting to journals.
Incorrect: (Smith and Johnson, 2012)
Correct: (Smith & Johnson, 2012)

22. Spelling inconsistencies
It is very common for students to misspell an author’s name in a works cited, especially when there are multiple authors or there are longer names.
Incorrect: (Johnson, Steve, Mark, Alyl et al., 2015)
Correct: (Johnson, Steve, Mark, Ally et al., 2015)

23. Wrong order of multiple citations in one sentence
This is a very common mistake that people make just because it is a very rare situation and it is not something that is normally taught in classes. When there is more than one reference used in a single sentence they should be listed in alphabetical order in the in-text citation, not by the order that they are referenced to in the sentence. Each citation should be separated by a semi-colon, but still contained within one parenthesis.
Incorrect: (Shrouder, 2015; Abde, 2013; Leila, 2008)
(Shrouder, 2015) (Leila, 2008) (Adbe, 2013)
Correct: (Abde, 2013; Leila, 2008; Shrouder, 2015)

24. Not correctly citing works with multiple authors
Two authors for a single source
First in-text citation: ( Author one & Author two, year)
(Smith & Curt, 2008)
Three to five authors for a single source
First in-text citation:
(Author one, Author two, Author three & Author four)
(Sun, Cornell, Petty & Wegner, 2015)

25. Useful Links/ QR code