1. ANCIENT GREECE
GARDNER CHAPTER 5-2 PP

2. ARCHAIC PERIOD -> 6TH CENTURY
Introduction of the first monumental stone statues of the Greeks
Greeks follow very closely the canonical Egyptian format
Stylized
Rigid
Frontal
Archaic smile
KOUROS = male youth
KORE = maiden
2500 B.C.E
530 B.C.E

3. New York Kouros 600 B. C. E -> versus the Anavysos Kouros 530 B. C
New York Kouros 600 B.C.E -> versus the Anavysos Kouros 530 B.C.E -> only a 70 year difference

4. (2-27) ANAVYSOS KOUROS Archaic Greek c. 530 B. C. E
(2-27) ANAVYSOS KOUROS Archaic Greek c. 530 B.C.E. Marble with remnants of paint
Kouros means male youth -> funerary statue/stood over a grave
The Greek Kouros emulates the stance of Egyptian statues -> frontal, left foot advanced, arms at side, fist clenched with thumbs forward
Differs from Egyptian -> liberated from their original stone block and nude
This is a later Kouros that stood over the grave of Kroisos, who died in battle -> increased naturalismin its proportions -> more rounded modeling of face, torso, and limbs
FLASHCARD

5. (2-28) PEPLOS KORE FROM THE ACROPOLIS Archaic Greek c. 530 B. C. E
(2-28) PEPLOS KORE FROM THE ACROPOLIS Archaic Greek c. 530 B.C.E. Marble, painted details
This female statue is called a KORE
Women are always clothed in Archaic statuary
Hand is broken -> what she was holding tells who she was -> she is a votive statue of a goddess
So-called because she was thought to be wearing a peplos, a type of garment
Like all kouroi and korai she was painted
FLASHCARD

7. ARCHITECTURE AND ARCHITECTURAL SCULPTURE
Archaic and later Greek temples built of limestone and marble -> marble was readily available
In the Archaic age of 6th century columnar stone temples began to be built
Greek temples differ from most later religious shrines -> altar outside of temple -> at east end/facing sun -> Greeks gathered outside to worship
The temple housed the cult statue of the deity -> grandest of all votive offerings
The Greek temple is the house of the god/goddess, not of his followers

8. GREEK TEMPLE PLANS
CELLA = rooms with no windows -> usually housed the cult statue of the deity
PRONAOS = porch
OPISTODOMOS = back porch
Two porches showed Greek passion for balance and symmetry
PERISTYLE = external colonnade on all four sides
Proportional order -> in architecture and sculpture it reflects and embodies the cosmic order

9. TEMPLE ORNAMENTATION
Figural sculpture played major role in exterior of temples -> embellish the god’s shrine/tell something about the deity within/votive offering
Sculptured temple
Elevated site -> often on a hill above the city
Sculptural ornament was concentrated in the frieze and pediments -> painted -> ornament differed between the Doric and Ionic order

10. light, airy, much more decorative
Weighty and severe
light, airy, much more decorative

11. The superstructure = ENTABLATURE
3 units in a Greek temple
The platform
The colonnade
The superstructure = ENTABLATURE
Two basic systems for articulating the 3 units
DORIC ORDER
IONIC ORDER
Doric -> mainland Greece and Western colonies
Ionic -> Aegean islands and western coast of Asia Minor
STYLOBATE = top part of platform
Columns -> shaft(fluted columns)/capital/base(Ionic only)
Capital has 2 parts -> ABACUS is upper part/ lower part is ECHINUS in Doric and VOLUTE in Ionian
Entablature has 3 parts
ARCHITRAVE
FRIEZE
CORNICE -> horizontal projection + two sloping/raking cornices form a triangle
PEDIMENT = the triangular area framed by the cornice
Doric frieze – TRIGLPYPHS and METOPES
Ionic frieze - open

12. TEMPLE OF ARTEMIS, CORFU
Lavishly embellished with sculpture
Reliefs decoratated the metopes
Huge high-relief sculptures filled the pediments -> 9 ft high at center -> the gorgon Medusa, felines on either side -> the three serve as temple guardians
The challenge of filling the triangular pediment space led to lack of narrative unity and diversity of scale of figures

13. gigantomachy Gigantomachy = battle of gods and giants
Popular theme of Greek art from Archaic through Hellenistic times
Metaphor for triumph of reason and order over chaos
gigantomachy

14. SIPHNIAN TREASURY, CORFU
Reconstruction drawing of the Siphnian Treasury at Delphi, 530 BCE
Archaic Ionic architecture and architectural sculpture
Greek treasuries = small buildings set up for safe storage of votive offerings
CARYATIDS in the porch -> korai dressed in Ionic chitons
Continuous sculpted frieze on all four sides and sculptures in the pediment
Greek friezes brightly painted