1. Lecture 3: Citation styles
ELS - Writing
Lecture 3: Citation styles

2. Schedule today: PLAGIARISM
Week 1: Introduction
Finish up week 2 exercises
Citation styles for writing different types of texts
Plagiarism

3. Week 2: Types of plagiarism
Clone
Ctrl + C 7) Error
Find – Replace ) Aggregator
Remix 9) Re-tweet
Recycle
Hybrid

4. Submit another’s words word-for-word as your own
1) Clone
Submit another’s words word-for-word as your own

5. 2)Ctrl + C
Contains significant portions of text from a single source without alterations

6. 3) Find - Replace
Changing key words and phrases but retaining the essential content of the source

7. Paraphrases from multiple sources melted together
4) Remix
Paraphrases from multiple sources melted together

8. Borrows generously from the writer’s previous work without citation
5) Recycle
Borrows generously from the writer’s previous work without citation

9. 6) 404 error
Includes citations to non-existent or inaccurate information about sources

10. 7) Aggregator
Includes proper citation to sources but the paper contains almost no original work

11. 8) Re-tweet
Includes proper citation, but relies too closely on the text’s original wording and/or structure

12. Combines perfectly cited sources with copied passages without citation
9) Hybrid
Combines perfectly cited sources with copied passages without citation

13. Types of plagiarism: exercises
Clone
Ctrl + C 7) Error
Find – Replace ) Aggregator
Remix 9) Re-tweet
Recycle
Hybrid
SEE HANDOUT WEEK 3 with BIGGER LETTERS

14. Question: Why do we need them?
Citation styles
Question: Why do we need them?

15. Citation styles
We have two types of citation styles, one which you already know
In – text citation: you give information about the text you’ve written right after the paraphrase or quotation
The rest of the citation, so even if you cited “in- text” is left to the “LIST OF REFERENCES” (APA) or “WORKS CITED” (MLA)

16. Citation styles: 4 different kinds
APA STYLE – most important for us (within social sciences)
MLA STYLE
ENDNOTE
CHICAGO STYLE
AMA STYLE
1) AND 2) AND 3) are most commonly used and therefore discussed in this lecture

17. 1) APA style APA stands for American Psychological Association
Most commonly used within social sciences
Most commonly used within social sciences – language and linguistics
SO THIS ONE IS FOR MOST OF YOU 

18. 1) APA style: examples of in-text citationor

19. 1) APA style: list of references
Once you’ve finished with all your citations in the text itself…
….you have to make sure that all your citations are referred to at the end of your paper
We call that the REFERENCE LIST or LIST OF REFERENCES

20. Example: list of references
The reference list is what your computer does on its own

21. 2) MLA Style Stands for Modern Language Association
Is mostly used for the liberal arts and humanities
It doesn’t differ all that much from APA

22. 2) MLA Style vs. APA Style
In-text citations are referred to with the page number and the year is disregarded:
APA:
MLA:
If the author is not named in the signal phrase, place the author’s name and the page number in parentheses after the quotation or paraphrase (Critser, 5)

23. 2) MLA Style vs. APA Style
APA: List of References/ References – MLA: Works Cited

24. MLA: Works Cited
Your computer does this on its own

25. 3) Footnote
Footnotes can be used in MLA and in APA in-text by numbers after the punctuation of the phrase or clause.
At the end of the page, the footnote explains the sentence a bit more: the authors who agree or disagree. – to give extra info about the source

26. 4) Footnote and Endnote
The endnote is used when the author refers to his sources purely by footnotes – and this is sometimes done in the MLA citation style, especially for English literature and poetry

28. Your computer does the reference list/works cited automatically for you depending on which type you choose – APA OR MLA

29. Exercises citation styles
See exercises on Handout week 3

30. MLA - LITERATURE VS. APA - LINGUISTICS