1. Organelles, Viruses, Etc.
Jeopardy
Organelles, Viruses, Etc.

2. Cell types, microscopes, and cell theory

3. Name the two main classes of cells.
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
Name the two main classes of cells.

4. In plant cells, what is the main function of the cell wall?
To protect the cell.
In plant cells, what is the main
function of the cell wall?

5. A light microscope.
If you needed to observe a living cell, what type of microscope would you use?

6. List three ways that plant cells differ from animal cells.
Plant cells contain:
A cell wall.
Chloroplasts.
A central vacuole.
List three ways that plant cells differ from animal cells.

7. List two types of prokaryotic cells.
Bacteria and Archaea.
List two types of prokaryotic cells.

8. Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and many organelles.
Structurally, list two differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

9. A micrograph.
What do you call a photograph that is taken using an electron microscope?

10. Robert Hooke
During the 1600’s who was the first person to observe and name cells using a microscope?

11. The nuclear envelope (membrane).
Eukaryotic cells contain what structure around their DNA that prokaryotic cells lack?

12. Name three things that plant and animal cells have in common.
A plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondrion and other organelles.
Name three things that plant and animal cells have in common.

13. What is the cell wall made of?
Cellulose.
What is the cell wall made of?

14. They lack a true nucleus and many organelles.
How do Bacteria and Archaea (Prokaryotic cells) differ from plant and animal cells (Eukaryotes)?

15. List the three parts of cell theory.
All living things contain cells.
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living things.
All cells come from preexisting cells.
List the three parts of cell theory.

16. 2. Membranes Structure

17. Cell membranes are composed of what two main types of molecules?
Phospholipids and proteins
Cell membranes are composed of what two main types of molecules?

18. What is the thin outer layer of the cell called?
The plasma membrane.
What is the thin outer layer of the cell called?

19. The phospholipid bilayer.
Outside of the cell
Inside of the cell C E D F G
What part of the plasma membrane is “A” referring to?

20. How are the phospholipids oriented in the plasma membrane?
The hydrophilic heads face outward and the hydrophobic tails are hidden on the inside of the membrane.
How are the phospholipids oriented in the plasma membrane?

21. What part of the plasma membrane is “B” referring to?
A transport protein. A B
Outside of the cell
Inside of the cell C E D F G
What part of the plasma membrane is “B” referring to?

22. Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophilic?
The head.
Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophilic?

23. What part of the plasma membrane is “C” referring to?
Carbohydrate chain. A B
Outside of the cell
Inside of the cell C E D F G
What part of the plasma membrane is “C” referring to?

24. Selectively permeable membrane.
The plasma membrane is able to regulate the movement of materials into and out of the cell. What is the phrase that describes this ability?

25. What part of the plasma membrane is “D” referring to?
Hydrophobic tails A B
Outside of the cell
Inside of the cell C E D F G
What part of the plasma membrane is “D” referring to?

26. The phospholipid bilayer.
The phospholipids that make up the plasma membrane are described as a sandwich. What is another term for this “sandwich” of phospholipids?

27. What part of the plasma membrane is “E” referring to?
Hydrophilic Heads A B
Outside of the cell
Inside of the cell C E D F G
What part of the plasma membrane is “E” referring to?

28. A transport protein.
During facilitated diffusion what structure helps move particles across the plasma membrane?

29. What part of the plasma membrane is “F” referring to?
Enzyme A B
Outside of the cell
Inside of the cell C E D F G
What part of the plasma membrane is “F” referring to?

30. The plasma membrane.
What structure controls the passage of materials in and out of the cell?

31. Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophobic?
The tail.
Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophobic?

32. 3. Passive Transport (Diffusion and Osmosis), Active transport, and the Agar block and Potato core laboratories.

33. When the solution is isotonic.
Cell
15 % solute
85% water
Solution
5 % solute
95% water
25 % solute
75% water
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
Solution
15 % solute
85% water
Cell
15 % solute
85% water
In reference to the process of osmosis, under which conditions will the cell remain the same size (water does not move in or out of the cell)?

34. When placed in a hypertonic solution cells will swell?
False
True or False
When placed in a hypertonic solution cells will swell?

35. Secretion
When a cell exports important products, such as hormones, mucus, or saliva, what is this type of Exocytosis called?

36. List two functions of the plasma membrane?
The plasma membrane protects the cells internal parts, and acts as a barrier that controls what comes in and out of the cell.
List two functions of the plasma membrane?

37. When cells are placed in a hypotonic solution they will shrink?
False
True or false.
When cells are placed in a hypotonic solution they will shrink?

38. Passive Transport
Which process, active transport or passive transport, does not require energy?

39. What process is being demonstrated in this diagram?
Exocytosis.
What process is being demonstrated in this diagram?

40. During diffusion how do particles move?
From an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
During diffusion how do particles move?

41. Vesicles.
Membrane bound sacs used to move materials into and out of the cell via Endocytosis and Exocytosis are called what?

42. When the solution is hypotonic.
Cell
15 % solute
85% water
Solution
Isotonic
25 % solute
75% water
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Solution
5 % solute
95% water
Cell
15 % solute
85% water
In reference to the process of osmosis, under which conditions will the cell swell (water moves into the cell)?

43. Which process, active transport or passive transport, requires energy?

44. List the three types of passive transport. They do not require energy.
Osmosis, diffusion and facilitated diffusion.
List the three types of passive transport. They do not require energy.

45. Endocytosis
When a cell needs to move large particles through the membrane into the cell it will use what process?

46. When the solution is hypertonic.
Cell
15 % solute
85% water
Solution
5 % solute
95% water
Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
Solution
25 % solute
75% water
Cell
15 % solute
85% water
In reference to the process of osmosis, under which conditions will the cell shrink (water moves out of the cell)?

47. What is the term that describes cellular drinking?
Pinocytosis
What is the term that describes cellular drinking?

48. How is facilitated diffusion different than simple diffusion?
During facilitated diffusion transport proteins assist the movement of particles across the plasma membrane.
How is facilitated diffusion different than simple diffusion?

49. In what directions do particles move during diffusion?
From high concentration to low concentration.
In what directions do particles move during diffusion?

50. During osmosis how will water move - from where to where?
From a higher concentration of water to a lower concentration water.
During osmosis how will water move - from where to where?

51. During diffusion, when will particles stop moving?
When they reach a state of equilibrium – meaning the concentration of particles is equal throughout.
During diffusion, when will particles stop moving?

52. What process is being demonstrated in this diagram?
Endocytosis.
What process is being demonstrated in this diagram?

53. Exocytosis of waste materials from the cell is called?
Excretion
Exocytosis of waste materials from the cell is called?

54. What type of energy is used in active transport?
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
What type of energy is used in active transport?

55. Cellular eating is called?
Phagocytosis
Cellular eating is called?

56. What substance is the dialysis bag permeable to in this photo?
Iodine
What substance is the dialysis bag permeable to in this photo?

57. 4. Organelles and their functions.

58. What common structure is found in all organelles?
All organelles are surrounded with a membrane.
What common structure is found in all organelles?

59. List three functions of the nucleus.
Contains DNA
Directs cellular activities
Contains information for making proteins
List three functions of the nucleus.

60. Lysosomes
Which organelle contains digestive enzymes and is responsible for breaking down larger molecules so the cell can use them?

61. DNA, RNA, Ribosome, Endoplasmic reticulum, vesicle, Golgi apparatus, vesicle, plasma membrane.
Draw a diagram, and describe the sequences of events involved in making a protein from the nucleus until it exits the cell.

62. Mitochondria produce ATP from sugars.
True
True or False
Mitochondria produce ATP from sugars.

63. What cell structures are responsible for aiding in cellular movement?
Microfilaments: Cilia, Flagella
What cell structures are responsible for aiding in cellular movement?

64. Name the structure labeled “H”, and its function.
Ribosomes – Protein synthesis
Name the structure labeled “H”, and its function.

65. List the 3 ways that plant cells differ from animal cells.
Plant cells contain:
A cell wall.
Chloroplasts.
A central vacuole.
List the 3 ways that plant cells differ from animal cells.

66. Rough endoplasmic reticulum – Stores proteins, and ships them to the Golgi apparatus.
What is the name of the structure labeled “A,”, and what is its function?

67. List three things that the cytoskeleton does.
Helps maintain cellular shape.
Helps in cellular movement.
Helps organelles move within the cell.
List three things that the cytoskeleton does.

68. What organelle is responsible for making proteins?
Ribosomes
What organelle is responsible for making proteins?

69. Lysosomes
What organelle contains digestive enzymes and is responsible for breaking down bacteria?

70. Nucleus – DNA
What is the name of the structure labeled “D”, and what does it contain?

71. Viruses are living things.
False
True or False
Viruses are living things.

72. By attaching to the cell and injecting their DNA.
How does a virus enter the cell?

73. What is a T4 Bacteriophage?
A virus that attacks bacteria.
What is a T4 Bacteriophage?

74. What is the name of the structure labeled “B”
Cytoplasm
What is the name of the structure labeled “B”

75. Human Immunodeficiency Virus
What does HIV stand for?

76. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum – Stores proteins and produces lipids.
What is the name of the structure labeled “C,”, and what is its function?

77. The central vacuole.
What large membrane-bound sac is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

78. Smooth ER lacks ribosomes.
What is the main difference between smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

79. Mitochondria – Produces ATP
What is the name of the structure labeled “F,” and what is its function.

80. The Golgi apparatus.
Which main organelle is responsible for repackaging and shipping of proteins?

81. This hair-like structure helps propel a cell from place-to-place.
Cilia
This hair-like structure helps propel a cell from place-to-place.

82. The chloroplast.
What organelle is responsible for producing sugars through photosynthesis?

83. Nuclear membrane – Protects DNA, divides nucleus from cytoplasm.
What is the name of the structure labeled “E,”, and what is its function?

84. What did mitochondria and chloroplasts evolve from?
Bacteria-like organisms engulfed by another organism.
What did mitochondria and chloroplasts evolve from?

85. What structure surrounds the nucleus?
The nuclear membrane (envelope)
What structure surrounds the nucleus?

86. Golgi apparatus – Sorts, packages, and ships proteins and other chemicals throughout the cell.
What is the name of the structure labeled “G,” and what is its function?

87. This whip-like structure helps propel a cell from place-to-place.
Flagella
This whip-like structure helps propel a cell from place-to-place.