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Health Policy and the Co-perception of Individual Responsibility in the Neoliberal Model
1st International Conference in Contemporary Social Sciences Crisis and the Social Sciences: New Challenges and Perspectives Rethymno, June 2016 Dr. Stefanos Koffas (Μ.Α. Ph.D.)
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Dr. Koffas Stefanos Lecturer, Department of Social Work, Frederick University Cyprus Assoc. Prof. Dr. Aspridis George Department of Business Administration, Technological Educational Institute of Thessaly, Greece, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nikova Donka, Department of Economic Sociology, University of National & World Economy, Bulgaria, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Dagmar Škodová-Parmová University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic, Professor Dr. Labros Sdrolias Department of Business Administration, Technological Educational Institute of Thessaly,
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Individual co-perception and health policies in neoliberal societies
Contents of presentation 1. The meaning of Health today 2. Ιndividual co-perception and neoliberal economy system 2.1 The individualistic approach 2.2 The centralized approach 3. Health promotion 3.1 Health policy and factors of health promotion 3.2 Health investment and policies of WHO
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The meaning of Health today
In the past was existing the single-dimensional clinical medical view about health (body health or disease) The new view of health is holistic and includes the Cartesian dimension of body and mind WHO defined health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’’ Today health includes not only biological dimensions, but also psychological (such mental factors, stress), sociological (such life conditions and quality) and environmental (culture, condition in the environs)
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Correlation between individual co-perception and neoliberal economy system
The individualistic approach each individual is responsible for his own acts and behaviour and be considered for the state of his health countries with neoliberal model of social policy transfer a significant portion of the responsibility for health services to each individual and his behaviour health is an economic good, just like any other, and each individual has an autonomous role in acquiring it the level of health is differentiated, depending on the degree that the autonomous personal responsibility
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The individualistic approach
For the neoliberal model health is a economic good and all participants much support it, following acts of prevention and health promotion The behaviour of individuals who is oriented towards health promotion, is a primary prevention the primary prevention, is financially less taxing, since the cost of prevention is low compared to that of treatment In cases by individual hazardous behavior and consciously risks, the overall cost (individual, social and public) is much higher Influence element are the mentality, habits, communication and educational process Individuals must take care more responsibility themselves oriented to health promotion
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The centralized approach (state model)
In cases on the state model, health is considered as public good. The quality differs according to the available state resources the individual’s participation is through the health insurance that citizens are obliged to have and pay for is a life-long dynamic interaction with various interlinked factors as parts of the social and life standards Each individual creates and accepts standards concerning quality of life, nutrition, occupation, physical exercise, actions the outcome depends on the co-responsibility shown by each person, the rationality of his behaviors, of his ability to adjust in order to recognize the risk of certain practices in his social and biological environment.
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The centralized approach (state model)
In the ideal case of both the positive cultural influence and the individual’s conscious inwardness on health matters, medical intervention is minimal Social standards and the current culture influence the choice of personal choices the form of conservatism or tradition is not all time the best choice because the significant changes in the real life, decisions and individual acts the liberal forms of modern co-perception with low-risk practices are near to realism and they have better results on health issues and behaviors
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Health promotion Health policy and factors of health promotion
The findings of European data shows a few critical factors: first, population groups with lower educational level, and groups characterized as vulnerable or high risk second, individual behavior is a determining factor in shaping the level of health due to the problematic behavior they adopt third, the behavioral factors such habits, practices, nutrition, physical exercise) on health and the influence of environmental conditions There are many who claim that the level of health is determined 50% by behavior and 20% by the environment Health factors attributed to human behavior and the influence of the environment are defined by the EU as “determinants” of disease
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Factors contributing to health policy
Source: Ifantopoulos G., 2006 p. 179 Political Factors Institutional Factors Economic Factors Social Factors Strategic sources/ Information Demographic & social factors Access to health services Access to other basic needs Clinical practice Health improvement Analysis of needs/ Demand Analysis of supply/Health system
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Factors contributing to health policy
Social factors: People living under unsuitable conditions, social inequality are at higher risk of developing certain diseases. the social milieu/environment contributes to the socialization process of the individual, provides experiences and standards, shapes rules of behavior Cultural factors: Each culture is characterized by specific behaviors, beliefs and mentalities that formulate common personality characteristics. the expression of emotions, the form and content of human relationships, habits, the attitude towards life and death
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Factors contributing to health policy
Institutional factors: Parental behavior influences the development of the children’s personality causing specific behavioral reactions Parents function as powerful role models to identify with and tend to reward certain behaviors Economic factors: changes in consumer behavior lead to increased food-related infections urbanization leads to greater poverty in inner city areas, to overcrowded conditions and to a higher risk of infectious diseases
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Health investment and policies of WHO
The strategic programme of the WHO targets three groups the generation of knowledge the enhancement of public health functions the development of corporate relations between states The main points of the programme for Health Promotion foresee the following: Development of state policy that protects health. Health is not the concern of health services only, but of society and its choices as a whole Creation of a supportive environment. A population’s health depends on its lifestyle. Health promotion aims to develop life and work conditions that are safe, pleasant and creative
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Health investment and policies of WHO
Activation / mobilisation of community. Participation is the synergy effect for the health promotion and the community training Development of personal skills by providing support material and education on health promotion Reorientation of health services. The medical-centred organization must be holistic with focus to the primary interdisciplinary organization of primary health
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Health education and promotion factors
Source:
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