1. ABLATIVE REVIEW FOR THE AGES

2. ABLATIVE OF MEANS Example – Gladiator gladiō virum miserum interfēcit.
NO PREPOSITION
IS THE MEANS OR INSTRUMENT USED TO “DO” THE VERB
NEVER PEOPLE
TRANSLATE AS “BY MEANS OF” OR “WITH”
Example – Gladiator gladiō virum miserum interfēcit.
The gladiator killed the poor man by means of a sword.

3. ABLATIVE OF ACCOMPANIMENT
USES PREPOSITION - CUM
IS PERSON OR ANIMAL
TRANSLATE AS “WITH” OR “ALONG WITH”
DESCRIBES THE PERSON/ANIMAL ACCOMPANYING
Example: Mater ad ludum cum suā filiā ambulat.
Mother is walking with her daughter to school.

4. ABLATIVE OF AGENT
USES PREPOSITION - Ā/AB (DO YOU KNOW WHEN TO USE Ā OR AB?)
TRANSLATE AS “BY”
MUST BE PASSIVE VOICE!!!
MUST BE PERSON (OCCASSIONALY ANIMALS) 3 PS!
DESCRIBES THE AGENT “DOING” THE VERB. CONTRAST THIS WITH ACTIVE VOICE WHERE THE SUBJECT “DOES” THE VERB.
Example: Captivus ā milite Romanō in arenam ductus est.
The prisoner was led into the arena by the Roman soldier.

5. ABLATIVE OF MANNER CAN USE PREPOSITION – CUM 3 WAYS TO FORM –
CUM + ABLATIVE NOUN
ABLATIVE ADJECTIVE + CUM + ABLATIVE NOUN – DIPLOMA WAY
ABLATIVE ADJECTIVE + ABLATIVE NOUN
DESCRIBES THE WAY ONE FEELS ABOUT “DOING” THE VERB
Examples: Puer cum studiō librum lēgit.
The boy read the book with enthusiasm.
Hostis ad castra magnō cum timore accedit.
The enemy approaches the camp with great fear.
Poeta carmen novum multō gaudiō scribit.
The poet is writing the new poem with much joy.

6. ABLATIVE OF TIME (WITHIN WHICH)
NO PREPOSITION
DESCRIBES SPECIFIC POINT IN TIME “AT WHICH” SOMETHING IS TAKING PLACE (NEVER LENGTH OF TIME)
EASY IF YOU LOOK FOR TIME WORDS!
Example: Hāc hieme cum meīs parentibus in provinicā manebō.
In this winter I will stay with my parents in the province.

7. ABLATIVE OF RESPECT (SPECIFICATION)
NO PREPOSITION
DESCRIBES THE RESPECT TO WHICH SOMETHING IS OR IS DONE
USUALLY A NOUN PLAYING OFF OF A VERB OR AN ADJECTIVE
CAN TRANSLATE AS “IN RESPECT TO” OR “IN”
Examples – Fratrēs parēs aetate paene sunt.
The brothers are almost equal in age.
Athlētae Graecī celeritate athlētās Rōmānōs semper superant.
The Greek athletes always surpass the Roman athletes in speed.

8. ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE
USES AN ABLATIVE NOUN USUALLY MODIFIED BY AN ABLATIVE PARTICIPLE (MOST COMMON IS PERFECT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE BUT CAN BE ANY PARTICIPLE)
DESCRIBES THE TIME OR CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE REST OF THE SENTENCE BUT DOESN’T GRAMMATICALLY CONNECT TO REST OF SENTENCE!!! VERY OBVIOUS WHEN YOU SEE THEM AND VERY, VERY COMMON.
I PREFER LITERAL TRANSLATION SO THAT I KNOW YOU KNOW WHAT YOU ARE DOING.
Example: Nostrā navī fractā, castra noctem totum posuimus.
With our ship having been broken, we pitched camp for the whole night.

9. ABLATIVES OF PLACE FROM & TO
PREPOSITIONS – Ā/AB, DĒ, Ē/EX
Ā/AB – AWAY FROM
DĒ – DOWN FROM, ABOUT OR CONCERNING (MORE COMMON)
Ē/EX – OFF OF, FROM, OUT OF
PLACE TO -
PREPOSITIONS – IN
TRANSLATE - IN , ON

10. ACRONYM TO HELP YOU REMEMBER PREPOSITIONS THAT USE ABLATIVE…. S. I. D
ACRONYM TO HELP YOU REMEMBER PREPOSITIONS THAT USE ABLATIVE… S I D S P A C E

11. ONLY ONES NOT COVERED IN OTHER SLIDES - S I D S P A C E
SUB – UNDER, CLOSE TO
SINE - WITHOUT PRO – FOR,
ON BEHALF OF

12. WHOLE THING IS - S I D S P A C EAB DĒ
CUM
SUB
SINE PRO EX