1. Mineral Resources
Review of the source of all the matter (elemental) that makes up everything…

2. Minerals are composed of Elements
Where did all the elements that make-up minerals originate? Stars! Show video clip
Most Astounding Fact Neil DeGrass Tyson

3. Nebular Hypothesis; Nebula is composed of gas and dust composed of the elements needed to form minerals, rocks and life

4. The unstable giant explodes in a supernova!
Exploding all of the elements in all directions into the universe
Crab Nebula: remnant of a supernova explosion in 1054

5. Betelgeuse
Betelgeuse in the constellation Orion
Is a red supergiant
As a massive star nears the end of its life it has fused elements such as carbon, oxygen, magnesium, iron, silicon

6. Show one of the following video clips about the importance of minerals in their lives
“Mining Minerals Matters in Your Everyday Life” (5 min.)
Modern Mining and You (first 15 min)

7. Life Cycle of a Mineral Discarding or recycling Locating reserves
Mining
process
Separating and processing
Manufacturing and production

8. Clockwise: Strip Mining, possible end results of human mining (sink holes/collapse), Colorado August 2015: flooding from the rupture of a dam and contamination with minerals from the abandoned Gold King mine into the Animas river, smelting

9. Terms and Definitions
Section pg , and in text book.
Cornell notes and terms.
Bozman science overview of mineral resources and terms (6:30 min)

10. Definitions/Cornell Notes
Renewable Resources: one that can be replaced in nature at a rate close to its rate of use
Nonrenewable Resources: exists in a fixed amount or is used up faster than it can be replaced in nature (MINERALS) *recall that Earth is a CLOSED system
Ore Mineral: rock that contains enough of a metallic element to make separation profitable is called an ore; ore mineral is the valuable mineral (metal) that can be separated
Examples: iron ore, copper ore
Gangue: the rest of the rock that is left from the separation (quartz, feldspar, calcite for example)
Mineral Resource: estimates of minerals that are available globally
Mineral Reserve: the known deposits of a mineral in ores that are worth mining
Surface Mining: this changes the land because it involves digging great holes called open-pit mines; it also removes tons of soil, ore or rock which often creates a rocky waste that supports little life; often what is left- barren hills, level mountains, dangerous collections of water/run off, pollutants
Purposes of Conservation: protection, restoration and management of natural resources
EPA: Environmental Protection Agency-monitors and sets standards for drinking water and air quality

11. Article “ Minerals are Links Between Earth and Human Health”
The minerals that are essential for life are the same that make up the Earth’s crust.

12. Do the Minerals in YOU table

13. Elements and Minerals in You. What do YOU Co$t??

14. Help or Hype ??

15. Earth’s Mineral Resources
Group investigations on:
1. Renewable/nonrenewable resources; what are our choices?
5 choices for conservation of resources
2. Minerals in common objects that we use everyday
pick 2 or 3 objects and list all the minerals that make them up
3. Common mineral ores and their economic impact $$
most common, most expensive, countries with most mineral resources
4. The human impact of resources as shown in the movies/media
movies: Blood Diamond, 33,
5. The Earth System: how are Earth’s spheres impacted?
Kings Canyon mine and the 4 spheres
6. How do mineral resources change the land?
5 mining processes, difference between mineral reserve and resource
7. Politics of natural resources: EPA
Reclamation Act of 1977

16. Mining Cookie Ore 1. Given a nonrenewable resource; chocolate chips.
2. Minerals in common objects that we use everyday
3. Mine the mineral ores out of a reserve.
4. Using one of the 5 mining processes
5. Realize the economic impact of the mining process
6. How does the mining of the mineral ore change the land?
7. Adhere to the EPA Reclamation Act of 1977
Pay a fine for any pollutants that you released into the water, ground
or atmosphere

17. Reclamation
The reclamation process takes place throughout the mining life cycle. The process of reclamation includes maintaining water and air quality (atmosphere) and minimizing flooding, erosion, and damage to wildlife and habitat caused during the mining life cycle.
The final step in the reclamation process is often topsoil replacement and re-vegetation with suitable plant species.
Habitats must be maintained or restored to their prior condition once the mining process is completed. If displaced, native flora and fauna are reintroduced.
Water (hydrosphere) used during the milling process is collected and reused or cleaned before being restored to the hydrosphere.
Underground mines may be backfilled or sealed (geosphere) or may be preserved for bat habitat.
Open-pit mines are often backfilled or reshaped to become natural areas or pit lakes suitable for waterfowl and fish.
Tailings ponds may be drained, covered and planted with vegetation, or turned into wetlands.

18. The “R”s of Reclamation
Remediation: The cleanup of the contaminated area to safe levels by removing or isolating contaminants. At mine sites, remediation often consists of isolating contaminated material, capping tailings and waste rock piles with clean topsoil, and collecting and treating any contaminated mine water if necessary.
Reclamation: The physical landscaping, restoring topsoil, and the return of the land to a useful purpose.
Restoration: The process of rebuilding the ecosystem that existed at the mine site before it was disturbed. From simple revegetation to using native plants to mimic natural ecosystem development over an extended period of time.
Rehabilitation: The establishment of a stable and self-sustaining ecosystem, but not necessarily the one that existed before mining began.
Repurpose: as a recreation site, museum, tourist attraction, etc.

19. Creative Reclamation Solutions
Museums or education centres • Britannia Mine Museum, Squamish, British Columbia • Bellevue Underground Coal Mine, Crowsnest Pass, Alberta   
• Visitor attractions • Wieliczka Salt Mine, Cracow, Poland has 300km of galleries with works of arts carved in the salt, and has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site • The Eden Project at a disused clay mine in Cornwall, U.K., is an ecosystem biome project, educational centre, and concert venue    
• Scientific centres • The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory was built in INCO’s Creighton Mine near Sudbury, Ontario    
• Recreational areas • Gotland Ring, Sweden, is a world-class car racing track situated in an old limestone quarry • Kőbánya, Budapest, Hungary, is a limestone quarry which has been flooded, and is now a popular scuba diving destination   
• Gardens or parks • Butchard Gardens, Victoria, British Columbia used to be a limestone quarry mined for making concrete • Wheal Jane tin mine in Cornwall, U.K. features wetlands and recreational trails   
• Fish farms • The AngloGold Ashanti Homase mine in Ghana has started aquaculture in disused mine pits   
• Agriculture • The Big Hole at the Kimberley Mine is being used to grow oyster mushrooms • Tatum Lignite Mine in East Texas was reclaimed to productive farmland and wetland areas
- See more at:
2008 Excellence in Abandoned Mine Land Awards