1. Nobel Prize Winner 2016 In Chemistry
Sitaram Dhage1,Vilas Gawade1, Pavan Pagare2,
Sagar Tanpure1, Bipin Shinde1*
1Department of Chemistry, Y. C. I. S, Satara- India
2Department of Physics, Y. C. I. S, Satara- India
History:
Alfread Bernord Nobel(21 Oct 1833 – 10 Dec 1896) is founder of Nobel Prize. Born in Stockholm in Sweden. He was Chemist, Engineer, Inventor, Businessman .He is Dynamite inventor .He got 355 different patents. Nobel is given in Medical, Chemistry, Physics, Literature, Peace, Economics.
Area of Research :
A tiny lift, artificial muscles and minuscule motors. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016 is awarded to Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Sir J. Fraser Stoddart  and  Bernard L. Feringa for their design and production of molecular machines. They have developed molecules with controllable movements, which can perform a task.
The first step towards a molecular machine was taken by Jean-Pierre Sauvage in 1983, when he succeeded in linking two ring-shaped molecules together to form a chain, called a catenae. Normally, molecules are joined by strong covalent bonds in which the atoms share electrons, but in the chain they were instead linked by a freer mechanical bond. For a machine to be able to perform a task it must consist of parts that can move relative to each other. The two interlocked rings fulfilled exactly this are requirement.
The second step was taken by Fraser Stoddart in 1991, when he developed arotaxane. He threaded a molecular ring onto a thin molecular axle and demonstrated that the ring was able to move along the axle. Among his developments based on rotaxanes are a molecular lift, a molecular muscle and a molecule-based computer chip.
Bernard Feringa was the first person to develop a molecular motor; in 1999 he got a molecular rotor blade to spin continually in the same direction. Using molecular motors, he has rotated a glass cylinder that is 10,000 times bigger than the motor and also designed a nano car.
Jean –Pierre Sauvage
Born in Paris , France 21 October in Fields:
Coordination Chemistry, Superamolecular Chemistry
Notable Awards: French Academy of Sciences in 1990 and also Noble Prize in Chemistry in 2016.
Bernard Lucas Feringa
Born in Berger-Compascuum, Netherlands
18 May 1951
Fields:
Organic Chemistry, Material Science and Nanotechnology and Photochemistry
Notable Awards: Noble Prize in Chemistry in 2016.
Sir J. Fraser Stoddart
Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, U.K.
24 May 1942
Superamolecular Chemistry
Notable Awards:
Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 2008, Fellow of the Royal Society in 1990,
Knight Bachelor 2007, Albert Einstein world Award of Science in 2007, Davy Medal in 2008 and Noble Prize in Chemistry in 2016.