1. Warm-up: Monday
Choose one: Where would you want to live when you are an adult: urban, suburban, or rural?
Explain why.

2. Take notes on notebook paper! This is page U-8
Urban Growth in the U.S.
Take notes on notebook paper!
This is page U-8

3. BORCHERT’S MODEL (METROPOLITAN EVOLUTION)
Generalization of the historical growth of the U.S. urban system
Based on key changes in energy and transportation technology
OCCURRED IN 5 STAGES

4. BORCHERT’S MODEL (METROPOLITAN EVOLUTION)
1. Sail-Wagon Epoch ( ) : Boston, NY, Philadelphia
2. Iron Horse Epoch ( ) : steam engine technology; Pittsburgh, Detroit, Chicago growing
3. Steel-Rail Epoch ( ) : national rail network
4. Auto-Air-Amenity Epoch ( ) : Gas engine; Sunbelt
5. Satellite-Electronic-Jet Propulsion Epoch (1970-?) : High tech.
In 1967, John Borchert suggested that American cities went through 5 distinct stages: 1. Sail-Wagon Epoch (1790–1830); the only means of international trade was sailing ships. Once goods were on land, they were hauled by wagon to their final destination. 2. Iron Horse Epoch (1830–70); characterized by impact of steam engine technology, and development of steamboats and regional railroad networks; 3. Steel Rail Epoch (1870–1920); dominated by the development of long haul railroads and a national railroad network; 4. Auto-Air-Amenity Epoch (1920–70); with growth in the gasoline combustion engine; 5. Satellite-Electronic-Jet Propulsion (1970–?); also called the High-Technology Epoch.

5. Suburbanization - growth of areas on the fringes of major cities
Push Factors: Perception that urban areas were:
Pull Factors
Overpopulated
Over-polluted
Dirty
Lower-class
Crime-ridden
More open spaces
Perception of being closer to nature
Infrastructure: Interstate Highway System

6. PBS Video: Race – The Power of an Illusion: The Genesis of Discriminatory Housing Policies
From the video, take notes on:
The role of G.I.s returning from the war
Discrimination in housing: redlining and blockbusting
Urban renewal
White flight
Effects of discrimination in housing
Start at: 26:21
Stop at: colorblindness

7. Government Role in U.S. Suburbanization

8. Government Role in U.S. Suburbanization
Historians use the word “boom” to describe a lot of things about the 1950s: the booming economy, the booming suburbs and most of all the so-called “baby boom.”
The G.I. Bill subsidized low-cost mortgages for returning soldiers, which meant that it was often cheaper to buy one of these suburban houses than it was to rent an apartment in the city.

9. Government Role in U.S. Suburbanization
Interstate highway project of the 1950s was developed with suburbanization in mind.
Government agreed to underwrite mortgages for suburban one-family homes.
In effect, the government was encouraging the transfer of the middle-class population out of the inner city and into the suburbs.

10. Suburbanization: Housing and insurance discrimination
Redlining: practice of increasing the cost of services such as banking and insurance or denying access to jobs, health care, or even supermarkets to residents in particular areas.
Many minorities were legally excluded from purchasing property in suburban areas

11. http://cornersideyard. blogspot

12. Suburbanization: Housing and insurance discrimination
Blockbusting: the practice of persuading owners to sell property cheaply because of the fear of people of another race or class moving into the neighborhood, and thus profiting by reselling at a higher price.

13. Suburbanization: Housing and insurance discrimination
White flight - The large-scale migration of whites of various European ancestries, from racially mixed urban regions to more racially homogeneous suburban areas.

14. “White flight” example: St. Louis
2010 Census - City of St. Louis
Caucasian
African Amer.
Asian
Hispanic
Pacific Islander
43.9
49.2
2.9
3.5
.03
2010 Census - St. Louis county
Caucasian
African Amer.
Asian
Hispanic
Pacific Islander
70.3
23.3
3.5
2.5
.03

15. Warm-up: Tuesday
1. We are located in an area of urban sprawl. What do you see in this area?
2. Let’s compare my old (2005) San Antonio map with today using Google Earth.

16. Urban Sprawl
Urban sprawl – unrestricted growth of housing, commercial development, and roads over large expanses of land, with little concern for urban planning

17. Urban Sprawl
Megastores – huge stores with a wide variety of products designed for one stop shopping (aka “Big Box” stores)

18. Urban Sprawl
What are the causes and effects of urban sprawl?

19. American Makeover Episode 1: Sprawlanta
What are the problems associated with urban sprawl in Atlanta?
How has the development of Glenwood Park addressed those problems?

20. Measuring Sprawl
The researchers found that as Sprawl Index scores improved—that is, as areas became less sprawling—several quality of life factors improved along with them.
People have greater economic opportunity in compact and connected metro areas.
People spend less of their household income on the combined cost of housing and transportation in these areas.
People have a greater number of transportation options available to them.
And people in compact, connected metro areas tend to be safer, healthier and live longer than their peers in more sprawling metro areas.

21. Sustainable Design Initiatives

22. Sustainable Design Initiatives
Walkable mixed-use commercial and residential areas
Smart-growth policies
New urbanism
Greenbelts
Slow-growth cities

23. New Urbanism
A counter to urban sprawl. Development, urban revitalization, and suburban reforms that create walkable neighborhoods with a diversity of housing and jobs. New urbanists want to create neighborhoods that promote a sense of community and a sense of place.

24. New Urbanism
Examples of new urbanist projects: Seaside, Florida; West Laguna, California; Kentlands, Maryland; Celebration, Florida.

25. American Makeover Episode 2: Seaside, FL
You will be assigned one of the ideas mentioned in the video.
Take notes on that idea.
Discuss how that idea reflects the concepts of new urbanism.

26. Idea # ___
Idea topic:
How does this idea reflect the concepts of new urbanism?

27. Idea # ___
Idea topic:
How does this idea reflect the concepts of new urbanism?

28. Idea # ___
Idea topic:
How does this idea reflect the concepts of new urbanism?

29. Idea # ___
Idea topic:
How does this idea reflect the concepts of new urbanism?

30. Idea # ___
Idea topic:
How does this idea reflect the concepts of new urbanism?

31. Idea # ___
Idea topic:
How does this idea reflect the concepts of new urbanism?

32. Warm-up: Wednesday

33. Greenbelts
Greenbelt – A ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area.
San Antonio Greenway (not a Greenbelt)

34. Slow-growth cities
urban communities where the planners have put into place smart growth initiatives to decrease the rate at which the city grows horizontally to avoid the adverse affects of sprawl
smart-growth policies: any policy that tries to prevent the demanding effects of suburban sprawl and urban fragmentation

35. Remediation and redevelopment of brown fields

36. Remediation and redevelopment of brown fields
A “Brownfield” is a site (either vacant or with structures) whose redevelopment is complicated by the possible presence of environmental contamination. Examples can include abandoned gas stations, dry cleaning facilities, junkyards, old car dealerships, abandoned factories, landfills, and other potentially contaminated properties. As sites remain abandoned and unmarketable, they increase inner city blight and perpetuate the perception that infill development is risky and expensive. Brownfields decrease property values, hurt local economies, and can threaten community and human health and the environment. Brownfield sites present unique development challenges that require a creative and multifaceted approach to address.
The City of San Antonio established the Brownfield Redevelopment Program in 2011 to foster redevelopment of these sites. The mission of the City’s Brownfield Redevelopment Program is to identify such sites, assess the environmental conditions to determine the extent of contamination, if any, and facilitate the clean-up and redevelopment of the site into a productive community asset.

37. Brownfields to Greenfields

39. Remaining Time
Class Word Splash
Plickers Review