1. Chapter 14:BLOOD

2. RBC’s surface contains anitgens (proteins)
Plasma contains antibodies which will react with antigens
Antibody A (anti-A) will react with antigen A
Antibody B (anti-B) will react with antigen B.
When they react, agglutination or clumping occurs

3. Blood Types
Group A – has only the A antigen on red cells (and B antibody in the plasma)
Group B – has only the B antigen on red cells (and A antibody in the plasma)
Group AB – has both A and B antigens on red cells (but neither A nor B antibody in the plasma)
Group O – has neither A nor B antigens on red cells (but both A and B antibody are in the plasma)

5. 1. What type of tissue is blood?
2. What is the most common blood type in USA?
3. If B- patient enters the hospital, what kind of blood can they receive?
4. If 1 parent is Type O and the other is Heterozygous A, what are the chances their offspring will have Type A blood?
5.see board
1. connective, O, B- and O -, 50%, A+

6. A AB O Blood Type Antigen (in RBC’s) Antibody (in plasma) Receives
Donates A B
A,O
A, AB
B, O
B, AB AB
Both
None
A, B, AB, O O
O, A, B, AB

7. RH Factor
Can Receive
Can Donate +
-, + -

8. In addition to the A and B antigens, there is a third antigen called the Rh factor, which can be either present (+) or absent ( – ). In general, Rh negative blood is given to Rh-negative patients, and Rh positive blood or Rh negative blood may be given to Rh positive patients.
The universal red cell donor has Type O negative blood type.
The universal plasma donor has Type AB blood type.

10. Red Blood Cell
Disorders

11. Polycythemia
Excess RBCs
Makes blood thick
Easier to clot

12. ANEMIA Iron-Deficiency Anemia (most common) Lack of RBCs Symptoms?
What should be in the diet?
Fatigue, pallor (paleness), fast heartbeat, weakness

13. Other Types of Anemia
Aplastic Anemia – bone marrow does not produce enough RBC
Hemorrhagic anemia – due to extreme blood loss
Pernicious anemia – B12 deficiency
Sickle Cell Anemia (genetic)

14. SICKLE CELL ANEMIA Genetic Disorder Abnormally shaped blood cells
Parents can be carriers (asymptomatic)

15. Sickle Cell Anemiat
AA = normal
Aa = sickle cell trait (few symptoms) aa = sickle cell anemia

16. If both parents are carriers, child has a ¼ chance of having the disease

17. Complications
Pain
Lethargic
Lifelong anemia (low red blood count)
Organ failure
Stroke

18. White Blood Cell
Disorders

19. Leukemia Type of cancer
Uncontrolled/Overproduction of immature white blood cells
Takes the place of RBCs
Treatable with bone marrow transplants, chemotherapy, radiation

20. Blood Smear of a patient with Leukemia

21. Blood Smear; Leukemia

22. Infectious mononucleosis
Sometimes called "mono" or "the kissing disease," is an infection usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).
EBV is very common, and many people have been exposed to the virus at some time in childhood.
An extremely HIGH WBC count is present.

23. Low WBC count viruses
Flu
Measles
Mumps

24. General Blood
Disorders

25. Thrombus and Embolus Both are undesirable clot formation.
When blood clots it is often known as agglutination or coagulate.
To prevent blood from clotting, an anticoagulate is often given. Ex: Aspirin, Heparin, Coumadin
Thrombus – a stationary
clot
Embolus – a moving

26. Blood poisoning - Septicemia
An infection enters the blood stream
Can be deadly
Treated with antibiotics

27. Thrombocytopenia Low production of Platelets
Causing bleeding or bruising

28. HEMOPHILIA This disorder causes a failure of the blood to clot.
Patients can be treated with blood transfusions that include clotting agents.

29. Hemophilia is carried on the X chromosome
Females X H X H normal
X H X h carrier
X h X h hemophiliac
Males X H Y normal
X h Y hemophiliac

30. Queen Victoria
Carrier for Hemophilia

31. Pedigree of Hemophilia