1. Objective 7.01: Classify animal feeds

2. Nutritional Information
Nutrient
Chemical element or compound that aids in the support of life.
Different kinds of nutrients are needed by animals
Nutrient requirements vary by species, age, production level
Nutrients must be balanced in order to provide the most benefits to the animal
Ration
The amount and kind of feed given to an animal on a daily basis

3. What are some fad diets? Weight Watchers- moderation and low fats
Atkins- protein based
Nutri-system- carbohydrates

4. Nutrients
There are 5 categories of nutrients that an animals body needs in order to survive.
By utilizing each of the categories in moderation or based on animal specifics (production stage, age, etc) we can produce highly advantageous animals (higher producing, shiny fur, etc). 

5. 5 Classifications of Nutrients
Energy Nutrients (Carbohydrates, fats, and oils)
Protein
Vitamins
Minerals
Water

6. Nutritional Information
Roughages
High in Fiber
Forage Crops
Silage
Hay
Pasture Grass

7. Nutritional Information
Concentrates
High in Nutrient Value
Grains
Corn
Barley
Wheat

8. Nutritional Value Total Digestible Nutrients
Concentrates are high in TDN
Roughages are low in TDN

9. Nutritional Information
Smaller producers will used commercially bagged feed ration.
Larger producers will make their own feed rations.
A ration should fit the amounts and kinds of nutrients needed based on the status of the animal.

10. Functions of a Ration Maintenance Growth Production Reproduction
Fattening
Work

12. Groups of Nutrients

13. Carbohydrates Composed of sugar, starches, cellulose and lignin
Provide energy and heat
Make up the largest quantity of livestock feed
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

14. Fats and Oils 2.25 times the energy value of carbohydrates
At body temperature fat are solids and oils are liquid
Example: cooking lard
Extra carbohydrates are stored as fats
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Carriers fat-soluble vitamins

15. Organic
Proteins
Major component of muscles, tissues, as well as horns, hooves, hair, internal organs and skin.
Made up of amino acids
Continuously needed to replace dying body cells
Young animals need large amounts for growth

16. Vitamins Organic Needed in small quantities
Helps regulate body functions
Designated by letters
A,B,C,D,E,K
Sources:
Naturally found in feed
Feed additives made from animal by-products
Made by the body itself
Organic

17. Vitamins Trace organic compounds – needed in small amounts only
Two groups:
Fat Soluble: A, D, E, and K
Help with healthy eyes, conception rate, and disease resistance
Water Soluble: C and B-Complex
Helps with teeth and bone formation, increased energy, increased appetite, growth, and reproduction
Sources of Vitamins: Green leafy hay, milk, cod liver oil, fish soluble, certain animal proteins

18. Minerals Needed in small amounts Regulates body functions
Calcium, phosphorus, sodium, etc.
Regulates body functions
Provide growth for:
Bone
Teeth
Tissue
Example: calcium is needed in poultry for eggshell development

19. Minerals Inorganic materials needed in trace amounts
Provide for bone growth, teeth, and tissue, aid in muscular activities, repair of body tissue, digestion of feed, other body processes, immunity to diseases
Sources: Mineral blocks or milled into feeds
Two types
Macro minerals – Needed in larger amounts
Sodium, chlorine, calcium, phosphorus
Micro minerals – Needed in smaller amounts
Iron, iodine, sulfur, magnesium, iodine, copper, cobalt, zinc, boron, manganese, selenium, and fluorine

20. Water Makes up 40% to 80% of the animals body Controls temperature
Dissolves nutrients
Acts as a carrier in blood for nutrients
Certain chemical reactions in the body

21. Sources of Nutrients Carbohydrates Cereal grains corn wheat oats rye
barley
sorghum

22. Sources of Nutrients Proteins Plant sources Animal sources
Soybean meal
Cottonseed meal
Alfalfa meal
Animal sources
Meat meal
Fishmeal
Dried milk
Synthetic nitrogen source called urea

23. Sources of Nutrients Fats and Oils Vitamins and Minerals
Grains and protein concentrates
Vitamins and Minerals
Most feed ingredients
Supplements
Pre-mixes
Mineral blocks

24. Sources of Nutrients Other sources and exceptions:
Alfalfa (roughage) can be used to provide energy and fiber
Molasses
Improve taste (palatability)
Reduce feed dust

25. Feedstuffs in Livestock Nutrition
Student Instructions:
Create a presentation on the different types of feed we provide to animals.
You will create a PowerPoint slide for each of the following categories of feed.
Provide 1-2 pictures of each category and examples of feeds that provide the nutrient category.
Use the following website to gather your info:
Roughages
Proteins Feeds
Concentrates aka High Energy Feed
Vitamins & Minerals
Water
Using the same website, create 1 slide that summarizes 5 different ways feed is processed.
Rubric
5 Types of Feed (8pts each)
5 types of Feed Processing (4pts each)
Pictures (2pts each, at least one/slide)
Neatness (not cluttered 10pts)
Completeness (10 pts)