1. Methods of Therapy: Psychoanalysis & Humanistic Therapy
AP Psychology

2. Psychoanalytic Therapy

3. Classic Psychoanalysis
Freud developed methods in medical work with “hysteria” (conversion disorder) patients
Initially tried hypnosis – not very successful
Came to focus on unconscious and conflicts raging within it
Gain insight to unconscious thoughts/emotions
Interpret and work through ways it motivates maladaptive thoughts/behavior
May take 3-5 sessions per week over several years

4. Classic Psychoanalysis
Methods:
Eventually asked patients to lie on couch and report whatever thoughts, memories, or images came to mind (free association)
Resistance – when block sensitive material from free association
therapist needs to explore
“Freudian slips”
Latent content of dreams – wishes, impulses, fantasies kept out of consciousness while awake by defense mechanisms
Transference – patients express dependence, hostility, even love toward therapist
seen as unconscious process of transferring childhood feelings/conflicts
analysis of this provides insight

5. Example of Psychoanalysis

6. Contemporary Psychodynamic Therapy
Very few Freudian psychoanalysts left
Forms of “short-term psychodynamic therapy” more common now
Interpersonal therapy, Object relations therapy, etc.
May involve less time and money, meet face-to-face, de-emphasize the past & id, stress social/interpersonal relationships
Still focus on unconscious and conscious, internal conflicts, and transference analysis

7. Humanistic Therapy

8. Humanistic Therapy
People are capable of consciously controlling own actions, taking responsibility for decisions
Behavior is motivated by drive for personal growth/improvement, guided by way they perceive their world
Disorder comes from blocked growth due to distorted perceptions or lack of awareness of feelings

9. Humanistic Therapy Assumptions:
Treatment is an encounter between equals (not “cure” by “expert”)
Clients improve on own given right conditions (conditions promote awareness, acceptance, emotional expression)
Ideal conditions established by feeling fully accepted/supported as human beings
Clients remain responsible for choosing how they think/behave

10. Client-Centered Therapy (aka Person-Centered Therapy)
Developed by Carl Rogers
Allows client to decide what to talk about without direction (non-directive therapy), judgment, or interpretation
Less popular model today, but still influences therapy

11. Client-Centered Therapy
Attitudes of therapist:
Unconditional Positive Regard (Acceptance)
Convey caring/value for client as a person, no matter what
Help overcome “conditions of worth”
Listen without interrupting, making judgments, or offering advice
Empathy
Attempt to understand how world looks from client’s point of view (need not approve of everything)
“active listening”
“reflection” – paraphrase client’s statements and note feelings
Genuineness (Congruence)
A consistency between way therapists feel and way they act toward clients
Shows relationships can be built on openness/honesty

12. Client-Centered Therapy