1. What is Communication?
Communication is the transfer of information from a sender to a receiver, with the information being understood by the receiver

2. Communication Process
The communication model provides an overview of the communication process, identifies the critical variables, and shows their relationships

3. Communication Cycle

4. Noise Hindering Communication
Noise is anything-whether in the sender, the transmission, or the receiver--that hinders communication

5. Noise in Communication

6. Noise in Communication

7. Noise Hindering Communication
Encoding may be faulty because of the use of ambiguous symbols
Transmission may be interrupted by static in the channel, such as may be experienced in a poor telephone connection
Inaccurate reception may be caused by inattention
A noise or a confined environment may hinder the development of a clear thought

8. Ambiguous symbols

9. Inattention

10. Inattention

11. The Communication Flow in the Organization
Downward communication
Upward communication
Horizontal communication, that is, between people on the same or similar organizational levels
Diagonal communication involves persons from different levels who are not in direct reporting relationships with one another

12. Communication Flow

13. Communication Flow

14. What is the Function of an Ombudsperson?
An ombudsperson investigates employees' concerns and provides a valuable upward communication link to enhance effective upward communication

15. Communication in the Organization
Written Communication
Oral Communication

16. Oral Communication

17. Oral Communication

18. Written Communication

19. Written Communication

20. Communication in the Organization
Written Communication
Oral Communication
Non Verbal Communication

21. Non Verbal Communication

22. Non Verbal Communication

23. Non Verbal Communication

24. Non Verbal Communication

25. Barriers and Breakdowns in Communication
Loss by Transmission and Poor Retention
Poor Listening and Premature Evaluation
Impersonal Communication
Distrust, Threat, and Fear
Insufficient Period for Adjustment to Change
Information Overload

26. Barriers and Breakdowns in Communication
Lack of Planning
Unclarified Assumptions
Semantic Distortion
Poorly Expressed Messages
Communication Barriers in the International Environment

27. Unclarified Assumptions

28. Poor Listening

29. Impersonal Communications

30. Other Communication Barriers
Selective perception -- people tend to perceive what they expect to perceive
The influence of attitude -- which is the predisposition to act or not to act in a certain way
Differences in status and power between the sender and the receiver of information.
Information passing through several levels in the organization hierarchy tends to be distorted.

31. Selective Perception

32. Influence of Attitude