1. VI. Avoiding Plagiarism and Using Quotations
Using Sources

2. Table of Contents
Defining Plagiarism 3-4 More Information about Plagiarism 5-7 Plagiarism: Yes or No? 8 Three Steps to Using Quotations 9-11 Signal Words 12 Examples 13 Signal Phrases to Introduce Quotations 14 “Short” vs. “Long” Quotations Avoiding “Dropped” Quotations Direct Quotation vs. Indirect Quotation 19 Next Step: Writing a Draft 20

3. PLAGIARISM IS AN ACT OF FRAUD
PLAGIARISM IS AN ACT OF FRAUD! IT INVOLVES STEALING SOMEONE’S WORDS AND LYING ABOUT IT AFTERWARDS…
My teacher mentioned plagiarism. I wonder what that is?

4. Definition of Plagiarism
According to the Merriam Webster Online Dictionary
to plagiarize means:
To steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one’s own.
To use (another’s production) without crediting the source.
To commit literary theft.
To present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source .
In other words, plagiarism is an act of fraud. It involves stealing someone else’s work, whether intentional or not.
Refer to Day 1 for more information on Plagiarism!!!!!!

5. Wow! How can I find out more about this?

6. Plagiarism Links
Purdue OWL Information on Avoiding Plagiarism (
Plagiarism: What It is and How to Recognize and Avoid It (
Phew! Here are some sites I can look at.

7. Now let’s see if I can tell the difference between a good citation and an inadequate one!

8. Three Steps to Using Quotations
Introduce
Cite
Analyze

9. What does introducing, citing, and analyzing look like?

10. Example of How to Introduce, Cite, and Analyze
Dr. Levine specifically describes how television violence can influence young teens who are in the process of separating from their families and forging their own identities. One of the skills that adolescents must acquire to be successful is impulse control. They need practice and positive role models as they develop their cognitive skills and moral values. The ideal context for identity formation is “a supportive and respectful family” (Levine 169). If teens rebel against over-involved families or lack supportive families, they may turn to television, receiving misinformation and negative role models. Without adequate corrections to the view of life presented by television, impulsive teens may take as their “scripts” programs that suggest aggression is the way to deal with conflict situations.
Introduce
Cite
Analyze

11. Signal words used to introduce summaries, quotes and paraphrases:
Acknowledges
Comments
Describes
Insists
Responds
Adds
Compares
Disputes
Maintains
Reveals
Admits
Concludes
Emphasizes
Notes
Says
Agrees
Concedes
Endorses
Observes
Shows
Argues
Confirms
Finds
Points out
Suggests
Asserts
Considers
Predicts
Thinks
Believes
Contends
Grants
Refutes
Warns
Claims
Declares
Illustrates
Reports
Writes
Denies
Implies

12. Examples
Andrea Martinez concluded that most research studies show “positive, though weak, relations between exposure to television violence and aggressive behavior” (qtd. in “Research”).
Levine describes more specifically how television violence can influence young teens, who are in the process of separating from their families and forging their own identities.
Huesmann and Eron state …
A program called Cease Fire warned …

13. Phrases used to introduce summaries, quotes and paraphrases:
Levine argues that “television violence. . .
Levine points out that “ . . .
Levine emphasizes that " . . .
Levine interprets ___ as “ . . .
Levine describes ___ as “ . . .
According to Levine, “ . . .
In Levine's words, " . . .
In Levine's view, " . . .

14. How long should my quotation be?

15. Short vs. Long Quotations
A quotation is considered “long” if it is more than four lines.
Andrea Martinez, a researcher at the University of
Ottawa, who did a comprehensive review of scientific
literature on the effects of television violence in 1994
concluded that most research studies show “a positive,
though weak, relation between exposure to television
violence and aggressive behavior" (qtd. in “Research”).
Levine quotes Eron’s speech to the U.S. Senate
Committee on Governmental Affairs:
There can no longer be any doubt that heavy
exposure to televised violence is one of the causes
of aggressive behavior, crime and violence in
Society….The effect is not limited to children who
are already disposed to being aggressive and is not
restricted to this country. (10)
Indeed, Levine describes several horrifying incidents of
imitative violence: the first describes two adolescents
Block Indent (Hit “Tab” twice)
Notice difference in period placement between short and long quotations.

16. I remember my instructor saying something about avoiding “dropped” quotations in my writing, but I can’t remember what a “dropped” quotation is!

17. Avoid “Dropped Quotations”
The relationship between television violence and real-life adolescent violence is complex. “Research strongly suggests that violent behavior grows out of interactions among an individual’s psychosocial development, neurological and hormonal characteristics, and social influences such as media” (Knight et. al 299).
The relationship between television violence and real-life adolescent violence is complex: “Research strongly suggests that violent behavior grows out of interactions among an individual’s psychosocial development, neurological and hormonal characteristics, and social influences such as media” (Knight et. al 299).
The relationship between television violence and real-life adolescent violence is complex, as evidenced by research that “strongly suggests that violent behavior grows out of interactions among an individual’s psychosocial development, neurological and hormonal characteristics, and social influences such as media” (Knight et. al 299).

18. Direct Quotation vs. Indirect Quotation (Paraphrase)
If teens rebel against over-involved families or lack supportive families, they may turn to television, receiving misinformation and negative role models since “television fail [s] to provide adolescents with experiences that would help develop their thinking and aid their sense of coming into a reasonable world” (Levine 189).
No one would dispute the fact that youth violence is a serious problem. In the United States as well as the world, the majority of violent acts are committed by males between fifteen and thirty (Knight et. al. 279).
Direct Quotation
Indirect Quotation
Hmm… Even indirect quotations need to be cited!

19. Hooray! Now it’s time to write revise my draft!