1. Chapter 15
Section 1

2. Focus Question
What was the Connecticut compromise?

3. Functions Laws are Rules that allow people to live peacefully
Nation, state, and local
Laws set the peace and prevent violence
Set punishments
Discourage certain actions
Laws must be fair, equal, and just
Hammurabi Code- First system of written laws
1779 Adams wrote the Massachusetts constitution

4. Early Law Law began in prehistoric times
First laws were passed down by word of mouth and by pictures
Code of Hammurabi
Written in 1760B.C.
Babylonia
282 laws
Harsh punishment
Ten Commandments
Hebrews

5. Roman Law Jurisprudence(study of law) Edicts-commands Napoleonic Code
450 B.C.
Harsh penalties
Cursing (clubbed to death)
Edicts-commands
Made by the government or ruler
Napoleonic Code
French Law

6. English Common Law Law based on Common law
Law based on courts decisions
Precedents
Previous court cases
Statues
Written laws
We use the English Common law today

7. 15.2

8. Criminal and Civil Law Civil Law Criminal Law International Law
Regulate noncriminal behavior
Criminal Law
Regulates criminal behavior
International Law
Regulate law between nations
Public Laws
Regulates the public

9. Criminal Law
Seek to prevent people from deliberately or recklessly harming each other or property
Advisory system
Courtrooms serve as an arena in which lawyers fight
Critics
Encourages lawyers to ignore certain evidence
Supporters
Beings the facts of the case to light
Plaintiff
The government is always the plaintiff in criminal cases
Defendant
Person, group, company, who is being sued

10. Civil Law
Disputes between people or groups of people in which no criminal laws have been broken
Not a threat to society
Lost something or suffered damages
Plagiarism, torts, family law(custody battles)
Felonies
More than $1,000 and more than 1 year jail sentence
Misdemeanor
Less than $1,000 and more than 1 year jail sentence

11. Public and International Law
Constitutional Law
Rights that people have and protections under the law
Administrative law (executive branch)
Supautory Law (legislative branch)
International Law
Laws that exist between nations
Treaties, customs, agreements
NAFTA UN
Usually over fishing rights, or water use

12. 15.3

13. Legal Protections in the U.S. constitution
The constitution is the law of the land
Each branch has their own powers
Base decisions on statutes, precedents, and written laws
Article I of the Constitution
State decisis
Write of Habeas Corpus
Bill of attainder
Ex post facto law

14. Rights of People Accused of Crimes
4th Amendment
Unreasonable search and seizures
Fundamental rights
Search warrants
Mapp v. Ohio (exclusionary rule)
8th Amendment
Punishment and Bail have to fit the crime
No cruel and unusual punishment
Bail

15. Rights of People Accused of Crimes
5th Amendment
Self Incrimination
Miranda v. Arizona
Must be informed of a crime
No Double jeopardy
Federal crimes must be brought before a grand jury
Group of 12-12
Indictment

16. Rights of People Accused of Crimes
6th Amendment
Legal council and Trials
Right to a lawyer
Informed of the nature and cause of all accusations
100 day trial
Plea and bargains
Bench trial
Trial in front of a judge only
14th Amendment
Due process
Equal protection of the laws