1. BA 5201 Organization and Management What are organizations?
Instructor: Çağrı Topal

2. General context Globalization Competition
Business ethics and social responsibility
Speed of environmental change
Internet and digital technologies
Diversity

3. Definition
A system of two or more people working together cooperatively within identifiable boundaries surrounded by an external environment to accomplish a common goal or objective
Holistic and synergistic
People or members
Common goals or objectives
Division of labor among members
Membership or activity boundaries
Open system within an environment

4. Organization as an open system
External environment
Processes
Inputs
Transformation
Outputs
Sources of inputs and constraints
Human resources Material resources Financial resources Information
Production
Management Maintenance Adaptation
Sales of output Advertising Public relations
Output opportunities and constraints
Subsystems

5. History of organization theory
Adam Smith and division of labor
Max Weber and bureaucracy
Classical school: Frederick Taylor and scientific management
Classical school: Henry Fayol and coordination/specialization
Human relations school and social interactions
Contingency school and contextual design