1. End of Reconstruction Chapter 12 Section 3

2. Objectives Explain why Reconstruction ended.
Evaluate the successes and failures of Reconstruction. 2

3. Grant’s Scandals National scandals
Grant’s Vice President was involved in a scheme to steal profits from the railroads.
Members of Grant’s administration were suspected of corruption.
Local scandals
Politician William “Boss” Tweed and the “Tweed Ring” stole money from New York City’s treasury.
Many city officials sold contracts to their friends across the country. 3

4. Dwindling Reconstruction
Immigration increased in the North and West.
Corruption and intrigue in politics.
In 1873, the economy of the North became unstable when national banks failed.

5. Bad Economy Shifts Focus from Reconstruction
In 1873, one of the nation’s most influential banks failed.
The bank had overextended loans to the railroad industry.
A loss of jobs, bank failures, and economic depression in the North followed. 5

6. The End of Reconstruction
Radical Republicans lost power.
Military operations in the South became too expensive.
Starting in 1871, federal troops were withdrawn from the South.
In 1872, the Freedman’s Bureau was dissolved.
Radical Republican leader, Charles Sumner died in 1874. 6

7. Power to the States Slaughterhouse Cases
The Court restricted the scope of the Fourteenth Amendment.
1873: A citizen has certain national rights, but it was up to the state to choose how to define the rights for those who lived there.
1876: Due process and equal protection clauses protected citizens only from the actions of the state, not from other citizens. 7

8. Restricting African-Americans Rights
Southern Democrats created a coalition of Redeemers who worked together to “redeem,” or reclaim, the South from northerners and blacks.
The Klan
used violence.
The courts
used legal interpretation. 8

9. In the election of 1876, Democratic candidate Tilden received 51 percent of the vote. Republicans claimed votes had been miscounted. 9

10. Compromise of 1877 Rutherford B. Hayes became President.
Remaining federal troops were withdrawn from the South.
A southerner was appointed to a powerful cabinet position.
Southern states were guaranteed federal subsidies to build railroads and improve their ports.
By balancing the needs of the North and the South, Congress’ compromise marked the end of Reconstruction. 10

11. The Effects of Reconstruction
For everyone
tax-supported school system
modernized railroads
increased variety of the South’s crops
For African Americans
gave African Americans some opportunities
reunited black families
provided educational opportunities
For women
no voting rights 11

12. Reconstruction influenced how African Americans were represented in government.12

13. Civil War Impact on National Politics
Republican Party
became known as the party of Lincoln
associated with freeing the slaves
became the party of big business
Democratic Party
became the party of industrial workers
came to dominate the white South 13

14. The Civil War affected the balance of power between the federal government and the states.
Over time, Americans chose to let the South tend to its own affairs despite the price paid by newly freed slaves. 14

15. Objectives Explain why Reconstruction ended.
Evaluate the successes and failures of Reconstruction. 15