1. Vietnam Era – Day 7 Agenda: EXAM – this Thursday, 4/20
Lecture Terms: Draft, Doves, Hawks, Tet Offensive, Vietnamization, “Peace with Honor”, Pentagon Papers, Richard Nixon, War Powers Act
Vietnam Study Guide (30 minutes)
Get a book, work on your Vietnam Study Guides
Complete book questions #33-40 first
Due Thursday 4/20
EXAM – this Thursday, 4/20

2. The Tet Offensive January 30, 1968
A cease fire was called to celebrate the Vietnamese New Year (Tet)
People were allowed to cross between North and South Vietnam
Funerals were held for victims of the war
North Vietnamese used coffins to smuggle weapons into the South
Launched a massive attack on South Vietnamese cities and U.S. airbases
Lasted for nearly a month

3. Tet Changes Public Opinion
Although the U.S. successfully drove out the Vietcong (losing 32,000 soldiers), the outcomes of the Tet Offensive were not positive.
Reduced popular support for the war in America
Media began to criticize the war
Johnson’s popularity plummeted

4. Vietnam in HD: Classroom Edition
Episode #5
(18-22 min.)

5. A Nation Divided U.S. re-institute the Draft
Men between the ages of 18 and 26 must register for the military (Selective Service)
Why was this so controversial?
Voting age was 21 (for most states)
Lead to the 26th Amendment
The right of citizens of the United States, who are 18 years of age or older, to vote, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on account of age.

6. A Nation Divided Doves Hawks
Opposed the Vietnam War and believed the U.S. should withdraw from it
Hawks
Supported U.S. involvement and belied the U.S. should increase military force to win the war
Many Hawks felt it was “an act of disloyalty” to protest the war

7. MLK – Why I Am Opposed to the War in Vietnam
“We have been repeatedly faced with a cruel irony of watching Negro and white boys on TV screens as they kill and die together for a nation that has been unable to seat them together in the same school room.”

8. Johnson Withdraws
Anti-war Democrats began to work against Johnson’s reelection
Robert Kennedy and Eugene McCarthy rose to prominence within the party
March 31, 1968
Johnson announces that he will not seek reelection

9. Vietnam: American Troop Levels
Tet Offensive
N. Conquers S./
Saigon Falls
Gulf of Tonkin
Peace Treaty
Johnson
Send combat marines and armed forces
Ike/Kennedy
Send $$/advisors
Nixon
Bring US troops home/bomb N. Vietnam
Intervention
Escalation
Vietnamization

10. 1968 Election Richard Nixon wins the 1968 election, thanks to:
Turmoil within Democratic Party
Promise to restore law & order
Promise to end the war

11. Nixon on Vietnam
Nixon and security advisor Henry Kissinger devise a strategy for ending U.S. involvement in war
Known as Vietnamization
Gradual withdrawal of U.S. troops and their replacement with S. Vietnamese forces

12. Nixon on Vietnam “Peace with honor” goals Withdraw with dignity
Main U.S. clout at the negotiation table
Secretly orders massive bombing campaign
Supply routes in Cambodia & Laos
College campuses erupt once again!
1.5+ million students close down 1,200 campuses

13. War Comes Home Kent State Massacre May 4th, 1970
4 students dead, 9 wounded
Jackson State University
May 10th , 1970
2 dead, 12 wounded

14. Vietnamization Timeline
1969- Nixon announces Vietnamization
1973- Paris Peace Accords ended direct U.S. involvement & temporary cease-fire
1973- Last U.S. troops leave Vietnam, last U.S. troops leave Vietnam, POWs released
1973- Nixon Resigns, Ford takes office
1975- U.S. citizens evacuated, Saigon Falls to the North, Vietnam unified under communism

15. The Fall of Saigon North Vietnamese at the Presidential Palace
South Vietnamese Attempt to Flee the Country

16. Vietnam in HD: Classroom Edition
Episode #6
(17-24 min.)
(29-34 min.)
(37-38 min.)

17. Socialist Republic of Vietnam
Formerly Saigon

18. The People & The President
U.S. morale, self-confidence, trust of government, decimated
Pentagon Papers
Govt. misled Congress & American people regarding its intentions in Vietnam during mid-1960s
Primary reason for fighting not to eliminate communism, but fought to avoid humiliating defeat

19. War Powers Under the US Constitution, war powers are divided. Congress
Has the power to declare war
The President
Is commander-in-chief of the military.

20. War Powers Act of 1973
President must notify Congress within 48 hours of deploying military force
President must withdraw forces unless he gains Congressional approval within 90 days
60 Days, 30 Days to withdraw
Ultimate Goal: Limit the powers of the President
Although some argue it does the opposite

21. Effects & Legacy of the Vietnam War

22. Vietnam Today Officially still a Communist country today
But unofficially it is politically Communist but economically Capitalist
Would Vietnam had been better off if the U.S. had won the war?
Did U.S. involvement make life worse for the Vietnamese?

23. Vietnam Memorial

24. History Channel
Vietnam Summary