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The Legal Enabling Environment: Laws, Rules and Contractual Arrangements for PPP Highway Projects
Presentation to the Public-Private Partnerships in Highways Workshop October 6, 2005 David Satola Senior Counsel, LEGPS
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Legal & Regulatory Framework
TYPES of CONTRACT Maintenance Contracts quantity based performance based Operation and Maintenance Concessions may involve a toll road may involve foreign equipment/construction Concession (ROT/BOT) Contracts high degree of complexity Legal & Regulatory Framework
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Focus on Transactional Issues & Related Legal and Regulatory Aspects
OUTLINE Focus on Transactional Issues & Related Legal and Regulatory Aspects Policy Imperatives Legal / Regulatory Framework Contractual Options - Examples
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Principles Certainty Transparency Sustainability
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POLICY PREREQUISITES FOR A SUCCESSFUL PPP
Clear Policy Objectives for PPP Program Objectives better execution of projects Assignment of risk freeing public funds for other uses What is to be achieved? Maintenance/rehabilitation of existing road/ road network operation and maintenance of a toll road Privatization/ Building new roads
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Development Strategy Infrastructure ICT Production Growth Poverty
Alleviation Remove barriers to entry efficiency cost Pro-entry regulation Legal & Regulatory certainty
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Reform Sequencing Legislation Regulatory Framework Market Entry
Policy & Market Structure Options Legislation Regulatory Framework Market Entry Current Market New Market
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Issue Identification & Resolution
Reform Process Issue Identification & Resolution Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Status Quo Issues Strategies Implementation Current Market New Market Policies & Objectives LEGAL REFORM Broad Public Consultation Stakeholder Buy-in Local Ownership
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Redefining the Role of the State
Policy Government Legal/Regulatory Framework Regulator Regulatory Instruments Operators
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Regulatory Independence
Independence through structural & financial separation of Regulator, Line Ministry and Owner/Operators Ministry Determines Policy Regulator Regulates Sector Owner/Operator Operates Network
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Regulatory Certainty Clarify Responsibilities among agencies
National, regional, local/urban Networks / traffic Management, Safety, Evnironment Affect Commercial Opportunities Ambiguities Inefficiencies
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Legal Framework v. Contract Approach
- Longer Process + Greater Certainty + Greater Transparency + Applies equally + Creates Regulator + Creates Processes +Remedies through legal and administrative outlets +No industry capture of regulatory process + Expedient Requires legal framework anyway to guarantee Transparency Fairness processes Remedies only treated contractually Concentrates power in the license holder
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But Enabling Framework alone is not enough to evaluate or manage risk:
Maturity of Markets Tradition of “independent” authorities Outlets to redress grievances, enforce rights , settle disputes
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LEGAL FRAMEWORK Recognition of the Need for New Legislation or Amendment of Existing Legislation Subordinate Legislation Precedents and Guidance Notes in the Highways PPP Toolkit
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LEGAL FRAMEWORK Sector Specific Law Other Important Legislative Issues
Foreign Investment ‘control’ vs. ‘promotion’ Contract Corporate /Commercial Concessions Expropriation law Safety/Health Environmental Protection Dispute Resolution /Arbitration Land Rights/Use (Eminent Domain) Labor Foreign Exchange Procurement Tax
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REGULATORY FRAMEWORK Subordinate Legislation Regulatory Institutions
procurement rules labor law regulations foreign exchange regulations Regulatory Institutions Ministry Agency/Regulator Environmental control agency Standards “good industry practice”
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Understand Transactional Dynamics
PPP Mechanisms Contract, BOT Objectives to be achieved Method to achieve Objectives Form of legal relationship Control, transfer, liability, exit rights How tendered
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CONTRACTS BASIC AGREEMENTS Maintenance Contracts
quantity based performance based Operation and Maintenance Concessions may involve a toll road may involve foreign equipment/construction BOT Contracts high degree of complexity RELATED AGREEMENTS (ex) Consultancy Contracts Operation Toll Other Financing Mitigate Renegotiation
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MAINTENANCE CONTRACTS - PERFORMANCE BASED
Source: PPIAF PPP Highways Toolkit
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MAINTENANCE CONTRACTS - QUANTITY BASED
Source: PPIAF PPP Highways Toolkit
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Operation &Maintenance Concessions
Source: PPIAF PPP Highways Toolkit
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BOT CONTRACTS Source: PPIAF PPP Highways Toolkit
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