1. Chapter 9
Marine Ecology

2. The place where an organism resides
Habitat
The place where an organism resides

3. The study of the interaction of organisms with their environment
Ecology
The study of the interaction of organisms with their environment

4. Biotic
Living

5. Abiotic
Non-living

6. Anything an organism needs to survive
Resources
Anything an organism needs to survive
Trouble when short

7. Required substances other than O2, CO2, H2O, & sunlight
Nutrients
Required substances other than O2, CO2, H2O, & sunlight

8. Growth Curve
A graph representing growth over time

10. Growth rate depends on its own population due to limited resources
Self Regulation
Growth rate depends on its own population due to limited resources

12. Survival of the fittest
Natural Selection
Survival of the fittest

13. Genetic changes over many generations due to natural selection
Evolution
Genetic changes over many generations due to natural selection

14. Fighting over resources
Competition
Fighting over resources

15. Competitive Exclusion
When one species becomes extinct due to losing out in the struggle for resources

16. Resource Partitioning
Sharing resources
Each species find a way to get its share of resources

17. Ecological Niche
How each species fits in
Unique methods that species adapt to

18. One organism eating another
Predation
One organism eating another

19. The organism doing the eating
Predator
The organism doing the eating

20. The organism getting eaten
Prey
The organism getting eaten

21. Carnivore
Meat eater

22. Herbivore
Plant or algae eater

23. Coevolution
When two species are involved in competition or predation, both improve

24. Living together in some association
Symbiosis
Living together in some association

25. Smaller partner in a symbiotic relationship
Symbiont
Smaller partner in a symbiotic relationship

26. Larger partner in a symbiotic relationship
Host
Larger partner in a symbiotic relationship

27. Types of Symbiosis
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism

28. A symbiotic relationship in which both partners benefit
Mutualism
A symbiotic relationship in which both partners benefit

29. Commensalism
A symbiotic relationship in which one partner benefits while the other is unaffected

30. Parasitism
A symbiotic relationship in which one partner benefits at the others expense

31. Autotrophs
Produce their own food
Carbon fixers
Producers

32. Heterotrophs
Must consume food
Consumers

33. Food Chain
Chain of organisms in which successively larger organisms eat smaller ones

35. Trophic Levels Primary producers Primary consumers, 1st
Secondary consumers 2nd
etc

37. Food Web
Because most species eat many different species, each species can be linked to many

39. Determining Trophic Levels
Each trophic level is classified as one level above the highest level its organisms consume

40. The top animal in any food chain
Top Predator
The top animal in any food chain

41. The total mass of an entire species or designated group
Biomass
The total mass of an entire species or designated group

42. Trophic Pyramid
Pyramid of levels designed to show relative biomass of each level

44. Organisms that help break down other organisms
Decomposers
Organisms that help break down other organisms

45. Detritus
The combination of sediment, dead organic matter, waste products, and decomposers on the bottom

46. Productivity
A measure of the carbon fixation within an unit volume

48. Carbon Fixation
Converting atmospheric carbon in the form of carbon dioxide to a usable form (organic matter)

49. Nitrogen Fixation
Converting atmospheric nitrogen in the form of nitrogen gas to a usable form (organic matter)

50. The biomass of organisms that exist at any given time
Standing Stock
The biomass of organisms that exist at any given time

51. Chlorophyll
The main pigment that absorbs energy in the form of light that is used to drive photosynthesis

52. Nutrient Cycles
Carbon Cycle:

54. Nutrient Cycles
Nitrogen Cycle:

56. Biological Zonation

57. Pelagic
In the water column

58. Planktonic Organisms that cannot swim against the currents
Floating or drifting organisms

59. Photosynthetic plankton
Phytoplankton
Photosynthetic plankton

60. Heterotrophic plankton
Zooplankton
Heterotrophic plankton

61. Organisms that can swim against the currents
Nektonic
Organisms that can swim against the currents
Swimming organisms

62. Benthic
Bottom dwelling

64. Epipelagic
Surface water where light can penetrate
Photic zone

65. Mesopelagic
Middle water just below where light can penetrate where shadows exist
Twilight zone

66. Deep water where it is completely dark
Bathypelagic
Deep water where it is completely dark

67. Water near the sea floor
Abyssopelagic
Water near the sea floor

68. Hadopelagic
Water in deep trenches

69. Splash Zone
Area of the shoreline just above the highest tides that get wet with spray from the waves

70. Area of shoreline between the lowest and the highest tides
Intertidal Zone
Area of shoreline between the lowest and the highest tides

71. Subtidal Zone
Benthic area from the lowest tides to the edge of the continental shelf (shelf break)

72. Benthic region along the continental slope
Bathyl Zone
Benthic region along the continental slope

73. Benthic areas in trenches
Hadal Zone
Benthic areas in trenches

74. Benthic area of the sea floor
Abyssal Zone
Benthic area of the sea floor

76. Coastal Zone Area of the oceans near shore or along the coastline
Neritic Zone

77. Area of the oceans away from shore
Oceanic Zone
Area of the oceans away from shore