1. Hybrid charmonium:
4 questions
…..and an answer?

2. Predicted 1-+ Hybrid masses (with spin splittings)
Spin hyperfine splittings
1- - (4.25) Y(4260?)
1- + (4.1) HQLGT
0- + (3.95) X(3940?)
Barnes FC 82
Chanowitz Sharpe
e+e- feebly coupled
e+e- \to \psi + X?

3. But width 90MeV dominantly psi pipi !
e+e- \to psi pi pi BaBar sees new vector cc*
\Gamma(ee) 5-80eV
Compare \sim 1 keV !!
Y(4260)
But width 90MeV dominantly psi pipi !

4. Belle
e+e- to X
No 3872
???
0-+;1-+ 23

5. The large psi +pi pi e+e- psi(hybrid) DD_1 psi D D_1 uu * pi pi
S-wave, relative mom \sim 0;
DD_1 interchange constituents to make psi pipi “strongly”
(c.f. Swanson model of 3872 DD* \to psi omega)
psi D
D_1
uu * pi pi
Need understand the nature of DD1
and D*D0 threshold production

6. 2175 – m(phi) = 4265 – m(psi) !!?? 36 Intriguing resonant
signal at 2175
= phi(hybrid)?? 36

7. 2175 – m(phi) = 4265 – m(psi) e+e- KK_1 !!?? phi pi pi 35
Intriguing resonant
signal at 2175
= phi(hybrid)??
e+e KK_1
2175 – m(phi) =
4265 – m(psi)
!!??
phi
pi pi 35

8. Three Questions – whose answers may tell a common story
Why is qq* V(r) so good for spectroscopy when
is so important? 1

9. Three Questions – whose answers may tell a common story2
What properties
What role glue-exch
How to expose it

10. Three Questions – whose answers may tell a common story3
Why is charmonium weird?
Why chi0 but no chi 1 or chi2

11. Three Questions – whose answers may tell a common story3
Why is charmonium weird?
Why chi0 but no chi 1 or chi2
To understand 3940 production
…radial, orbital or hybrid
Need understand the chi_J puzzle

12. Three Questions – whose answers may tell a common story
Why is qq* V(r) so good for spectroscopy when
is so important? 1

13. Three Questions – whose answers may tell a common story
Why is qq* V(r) so good for spectroscopy when
is so important? 1
An intriguing result 14

14. WHY?
An intriguing result 14

16. Three Questions – whose answers may tell a common story2
What properties

17. Three Questions – whose answers may tell a common story2
What properties
Lattice S-wave decays now calculated Michael McNeile
confirms Flux Tube for hybrid:conventional
Michael
McNeile 06
FC Burns 06
Exactly WHAT is Lattice revealing about dynamics:
What aspect(s) of Flux Tube model are being confirmed?

19. qq* create in S=1 2
qq* create in S=0

20. qq* created in S=1; S L factorize
Explains Ackleh Barnes Swanson observation
Psi* decays to D*D_2: no polarisation 2
Psi chi_0:1:2 pattern cannot be this; OgE??

21. Factorisation of S and L
J – S = “L”
Factorisation of S and L
qq* created in S=1
Brodsky claims this = CFT/AdS correspondence

22. Accept it as a gift of Nature. Apply this to Barnes Swanson problem
J – S = “L”
Factorisation of S and L
qq* created in S=1
Brodsky finds this = CFT/AdS correspondence
Accept it as a gift of Nature.
Apply this to Barnes Swanson problem
Explains question 1: Barnes Swanson renormalisation

23. In case you forget – this is it….
WHY?
An intriguing result 14

24. Mass shift
due to loops +

25. Mass shift
due to loops

26. Mass shift
due to loops
Is horrible

27. Mass shift
due to loops
Is horrible
But factorisation
+ 6j and 9j
orthogonalities

28. Mass shift
due to loops
Is horrible
But factorisation
+ 6j and 9j
orthogonalities
Spin indep
same for
whole multiplet

29. Mass shift
due to loops
Is horrible
But factorisation
+ 6j and 9j
orthogonalities
Spin indep
same for
whole multiplet

30. Simple Example: Charmonium Mass Shifts from L=0 multiplet
DD; DD*; D*D* = Complete SUBset of states

31. Simple Example: Charmonium Mass Shifts from L=0 multiplet
DD; DD*; D*D* = Complete SUBset of states

32. Factorisation is powerful result if generally true.
J – S = “L”
Factorisation of S and L
qq* created in S=1
Factorisation is powerful result
if generally true.
Determine nature of Y(4260) by DD_1 pattern

33. SL Factorisation and S=1
selection rules for
psi*(cc*) \to DD_1

34. It also supresses Hybrid – conventional mixing
SL Factorisation and S=1
selection rules for
psi*(cc*) \to DD_1
It also supresses Hybrid – conventional mixing
(Fix JPC: S=0(1) hybrid = S=1(0) conventional)

35. SL Factorisation and S=1
selection rules for
psi*(cc*) \to DD_1
Problem is – it can fail BIG

36. Three Questions – whose answers may tell a common story3
Why is charmonium weird?
Why chi0 but no chi 1 or chi2
What has this got to do with factorisation and

37. Factorisation implies a small scalar
Data =
Large
(only?)
scalar

38. Three Questions – whose answers may tell a common story2
What properties
What role glue-exch
How to expose it

39. Physical reason why cc*  cc* +cc* must be driven by this
Three Questions – whose answers may tell a common story 2
What properties
What role glue-exch
Physical reason why
cc*  cc* +cc*
must be driven by this
How to expose it

40. Aside: Remember Ackleh Barnes Swanson:

41. Aside: Remember Ackleh Barnes Swanson:

42. psi
psi
chi
chi

45. Threshold: set
Y=0 r=1
scalar
axial 1
tensor

46. Threshold: set
Y=0 r=1
scalar 1
axial 1
tensor

47. Threshold: set
Y=0 r=1 11
scalar 1
axial 1
tensor

48. Threshold: set
Y=0 r=1 11
scalar
And its squared! 1
axial 1
tensor

49. Factorisation implies a small scalar
Data =
Large
(only?)
scalar
OgE implies a LARGE scalar
But WHY?
What other implications?

50. Gluon has Electric Magnetic with/out spin flip
psi
chi
psi
chi
Theres also a “hybrid” contribution for cc* (not for DD*)
In lowest order QCD E=M=H

51. This gives relative helicity amplitudes
Helicity zero combine with clebsches
Scalar = Add; Axial and Tensor =0
Source of BIG Scalar

52. Charm meson production: V+(SAT)
ONLY D* D0; not D*D1 or D*D2
Test factorisation rule D*(-)D2(++) = 0

53. Charm meson production: V+(SAT)
ONLY D* D0; not D*D1 or D*D2
Test factorisation rule D*(-)D2(++) = 0
Also DD1
D*D0 and DD1 couple to Hybrid and to 3S1
What role for 4260? Hyb-3S1 mix: two states
What role for strange? Mass shifts?????

54. Summary Factorisation of J and S (L) Dynamics driven by Clebsches
Selection rules: V(-)T(++)=0
J independent mass shifts
Hybrid-conventional decouple
Large scalar = OgE
Source = non factn L.S
Violates selection rules:V(-)T(++) large
Drives DD1 and D*D0 only
Charm/strange: separate hybrid/threshold

56. Somethings are deceptively simple
m(Bc) = (4.0) (2.7)

57. Somethings are deceptively simple
m(Bc) = (4.0) (2.7)
m(c)+m(b) ~ ½[m(psi) + m(upsilon)] =
better than 1 per mille !
Heavy mass scale of c and b
make agreements look artificially good

58. WHY does it work so well when so much says it should not
Somethings are deceptively simple
m(Bc) = (4.0) (2.7)
m(c)+m(b) ~ ½[m(psi) + m(upsilon)] =
better than 1 per mille !
Heavy mass scale of c and b
make agreements look artificially good
WHY does it work so well
when so much says it should not

60. flux-tube breaking and hybrid decays
c.m.
e.g. p=1
Isgur Paton 92 light exotics
FC Page 95 all
Break tube: S+P states yes; S+S suppressed
S+S = 0 for hybrid charmonium
(FC + Page predictions 1995)
Look for DD_{0,1} near threshold;
absence of DD or D*D* and of DsDs or Ds*Ds*
\psi f_0; \psi pipi; \chi \eta; h_c \eta also
e.g pi + (^1P_1) or (^3P_1)

61. All consistent with predictions for hybrid charmonium
FC+Page 1995 28

62. flux-tube breaking and hybrid decays
c.m.
e.g. p=1
Isgur Paton 92 light exotics
FC Page 95 all
Break tube: S+P states yes; S+S suppressed
S+S = 0 for hybrid charmonium
(FC + Page predictions 1995)
Look for DD_{0,1} near threshold;
absence of DD or D*D* and of DsDs or Ds*Ds*
\psi f_0; \psi pipi; \chi \eta; h_c \eta also
e.g pi + (^1P_1) or (^3P_1) 30

63. This is a clear distinction with hybrid for which this is ~ zero31

64. Y(4260): D_s and D_s* channels32

65. Y(4260): D_s and D_s* channelsNo
DsDs
resonance
Disfavours
tetraquark
csc*s* 33

66. Y(4260): D and D* channels No DD
DD* or
D*D*
resonance 34

67. flux-tube degrees-of-freedom
c.m.
e.g. p=1
Costs about 1 to 1.5GeV energy to excite phonon
“pi/R”
Hybrid 2GeV; Hybrid 4-4.5GeV
Barnes FC Swanson 93 20

68. 17 DD* DD1 D*D1 Are they S-wave cusps; Bugg or S-attractive cc*qq*…
1++(3872)
DD*
1--(4260)
DD1
D*D1
JPC?(4460)
Are they
S-wave cusps; Bugg or
S-attractive cc*qq*…
driven by cc* states
(but not I=1 cc* !)
I=1 !?
Pi psi*
What about
Pi psi?? 17

69. Statistics resolve if 0,1,2 structures and J^PC
Claim of Hybrid Charmonium by BELLE
0-+;1-+
Statistics resolve if 0,1,2 structures
and J^PC