1. Becoming a World Power, 1880–1917
Expansionism shapes U.S. foreign policy and leads to the acquisition of new
territories.
Detail of Theodore Roosevelt leading his Rough Riders at the storming of San Juan Hill, Cuba, on July 1, 1898.
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2. Becoming a World Power, 1880–1917 SECTION 1
The United States Continues to Expand
SECTION 2
The Spanish-American War
SECTION 3
U.S. Involvement Overseas
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3. The United States Continues to Expand
Section 1
The United States Continues to Expand
The United States expands its interest in world affairs and acquires new territories.
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4. The United States Continues to Expand1
SECTION
The United States Continues to Expand
Reasons for U.S. Expansion
• Imperialism—stronger nations extend control over weaker nations
• European nations have been establishing colonies for centuries
• 3 factors help fuel development of American imperialism:
- economic interests
- military interests
- belief in cultural superiority
Chart
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5. 1
SECTION
Seward and Alaska
• Secretary of State William Seward arranges purchase of Alaska (1867)
• Purchase is widely criticized, turns out to be great bargain for U.S.
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6. The Annexation of Hawaii1
SECTION
The Annexation of Hawaii
• By late 1800s, wealthy planters dominate Hawaii’s economy
Chart
• Hawaiian leader Queen Liliuokalani wants to limit planters’ power
• Planters, U.S. Marines overthrow queen, set up own government
• Hawaii becomes U.S. state in 1898
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7. The Spanish-American War
Section 2
The Spanish-American War
Independence movements in Spanish colonies lead to the Spanish-American
War in 1898.
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8. The Spanish-American War2
SECTION
The Spanish-American War
Rebellion Against Spain
• By 1890s, Spain has few colonies, Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico
• In 1895, Cubans revolt, Spain uses harsh methods to suppress revolt
• Methods anger Americans, rebellion disrupts U.S. trade with Cuba
• U.S. newspapers describe, sometimes exaggerate, Spanish cruelty
Image
• Newspapers use sensational style of writing called yellow journalism
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9. The United States Goes to War2
SECTION
The United States Goes to War
• President McKinley demands Spain stop harsh treatment of Cubans
• Sends U.S.S. Maine to Cuba to protect U.S. citizens there
• Maine explodes, killing 260 sailors, Spain blamed
Image
• “Remember the Maine!” becomes a call to arms
• McKinley demands Cuba’s independence, withdrawal of Spain’s troops
• Spain refuses, Spanish-American War begins
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10. The War in the Philippines2
SECTION
The War in the Philippines
• Filipinos revolt against Spanish rule (1890s)
• U.S. Commodore George Dewey in contact with rebel leader
• Spanish-American War begins, Dewey, fleet head to Manila, Philippines
• U.S. fleet destroys Spanish fleet at battle in Manila Bay (1898)
Map
• U.S. troops, Filipino rebels take control of Manila
in August
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11. The War in the Caribbean2
SECTION
The War in the Caribbean
• Theodore Roosevelt sets up 1st U.S. Volunteer Cavalry—Rough Riders
• Rough Riders, other soldiers capture San Juan Hill, near Santiago
• American ships destroy Spanish fleet in
Santiago Harbor
• Santiago surrenders, U.S. forces take Puerto Rico, Spain signs truce
Map
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12. 2
SECTION
Results of the War
• Spain gives up colonies, signs peace treaty (1898)
• Philippines becomes U.S. colony, Filipino revolt against U.S. subdued
• Cuba adds Platt Amendment to its constitution:
- U.S. intervenes in Cuban affairs if life, property,
liberty threatened
- allows U.S. naval base at Guantánamo Bay
• Puerto Rico becomes U.S. territory
• Grants U.S. citizenship to all Puerto Ricans
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13. The Anti-Imperialist League2
SECTION
The Anti-Imperialist League
• Many people object to U.S. treatment of Spain’s former colonies
• Anti-Imperialist League members believe:
- U.S. should not deny other people
self-government
• League’s opinions lost in approval for Spanish-American War
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14. U.S. Involvement Overseas
Section 3
U.S. Involvement Overseas
In the early 1900s, the United States expands its involvement in Asia and Latin
America.
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15. U.S. Involvement Overseas3
SECTION
U.S. Involvement Overseas
A Power in the Pacific
• U.S. acquires Hawaii, Guam, Philippines in
the Pacific
• Many Americans want profits from Asian
markets, resources
• Others want U.S. to extend its democracy, culture to Asia
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16. The United States in China3
SECTION
The United States in China
• Japan, European powers expand their spheres of influence in China
Map
• Spheres of influence—areas where foreign powers claim special rights
• Most foreign powers in China accept U.S. Open Door Policy (1899):
- no single country should have monopoly on trade with China
• Many Chinese angry with presence of foreigners
• Boxer Rebellion—uprising against foreigners, eventually subdued (1900)
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17. The Panama Canal 3 • U.S. leaders want canal to connect Atlantic,
SECTION
The Panama Canal
• U.S. leaders want canal to connect Atlantic,
Pacific Oceans
• Columbia refuses to give U.S. best spot for canal, Isthmus of Panama
• U.S. supports revolt on isthmus, new nation Panama created (1903)
• Panama gives U.S. strip of land—Canal Zone, U.S. pays Panama
Map
• U.S. builds Panama Canal—shortcut connects Atlantic, Pacific
Map
• In 1921, U.S. pays Columbia for loss of Panama
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18. 3
SECTION
Building the Canal
• Building the canal is difficult, land swampy, malaria common
• More than 45,000 workers labor for years on canal, finished in 1914
Chart
• Canal cost $352 million, more than 5,000 workers die building it
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19. U.S. Involvement in Latin America3
SECTION
U.S. Involvement in Latin America
• U.S. buys food, raw materials cheap in
Latin America:
- bananas, coffee, copper
• Ship goods to U.S., sell for higher price
• U.S. buys large amounts of land in Latin American for farming, mining
• Wants political stability, no European intervention
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20. Policing the Hemisphere3
SECTION
Policing the Hemisphere
• President Roosevelt’s foreign policy, “Speak softly, but carry a big stick”
• Adds the Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe
Doctrine (1904):
- allows U.S. leaders to intervene in Latin
American affairs if needed
• Authorizes U.S. to act as “policeman” in the region
Interactive
• President Taft urges U.S. investment in Latin America
• Sends troops to Nicaragua to protect investments
Continued . . .
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21. • President Wilson intervenes in Mexican revolution 3
SECTION
continued Policing the Hemisphere
• President Wilson intervenes in Mexican revolution
• Sends troops to capture Mexican revolutionary Pancho Villa
Image
• Americans see U.S. as a good police officer in
Latin America
• Latin Americans see U.S. as imperial power
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