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Tissues of the Human Body

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Presentation on theme: "Tissues of the Human Body"— Presentation transcript:

1 Tissues of the Human Body

2 Key Terms Histology: the study of tissues. Tissues:
groups of cells which are similar in structure and which perform common or related functions.

3 4 primary types of tissues
Epithelial Connective Nervous Muscle

4 Epithelial Tissue Epithelial Tissue Locations: Covers the body
Lines the cavities, tubes, ducts and blood vessels inside the body Covers the organs inside body cavities

5 Epithelial Tissue Epithelial Tissue Functions:
Protection from physical & chemical injury,

6 Epithelial Tissue Epithelial Tissue Functions:
Protection against microbial invasion,

7 Epithelial Tissue Epithelial Tissue Functions:
Contains receptors which respond to stimuli,

8 Epithelial Tissue Epithelial Tissue Functions:
Filters, secretes & reabsorbs materials and Secretes serous fluids to lubricate structures.

9 Epithelial Fit closely together to form sheets and bound together by cell junctions Have free surface

10 Epithelial Lower surface rests on basement membrane, an unstructured material secreted by cells Avascular and depend on diffusion from capillaries in underlying tissues for nutrients

11 Epithelial Simple=one layer cells Stratified=multiple layers of cells
Shape= squamous, cuboidal, columnar

12 Squamous Epithelium Simple – one cell thick
Forms solid layer of cells which line blood vessels, body cavities & cover organs in body cavities Stratified – multiple layers Forms epidermis

13 Cuboidal Epithelium Simple – one cell thick Roughly cube shaped
Cuboid Cells Simple – one cell thick Roughly cube shaped Duct Line ducts in kidneys, etc, where reabsorption and secretory activities take place. Cuboid Cells Duct

14 Columnar Epithelium Simple – one cell thick
Column shaped (long & narrow) Line digestive tract where reabsorption & secretion occurs. Pseudostratified – gives the appearance of more than one layer of columnar epithelial cells

15 Muscle Tissue Muscle Tissue:
Associated with the bones of the skeleton, the heart and in the walls of the hollow organs of the body.

16 Muscle Tissue Muscle Tissue Functions: Movement Locomotion
Maintains posture Produces heat Facial expressions Pumps blood Peristalsis

17 Muscle Tissue Types Smooth Cardiac Skeletal

18 Smooth Muscle Given name b/c no stripes

19 Smooth Muscle Have single nucleus and are spindle-like (pointed ends)

20 Smooth Muscle Found in walls of hollow organs like stomach, bladder, uterus and blood vessels

21 Smooth Muscle Peristalsis (wave like motion) created to propel food through digestive tract.

22 Cardiac Found only in heart Has stripes (striations)

23 Cardiac Uni-nucleate Branching cells that fit together tightly at intercalated disks (think clasped fingers)

24 Skeletal Controlled voluntarily

25 Skeletal Cells are long and cylindrical Multi-nucleate
Striped (striations)

26 Muscle - Skeletal Muscle fibers (cells) long, parallel & cylindrical
With many nuclei (multinucleate) Striations (cross stripes run perpendicular to the cells Produce voluntary movement Locomotion Heat

27

28 Connective Tissue Connective Tissue:
Most abundant & widely distributed tissue

29 Connective Tissue Functions
Connects, binds and supports structures, Tendons, ligaments, etc.

30 Connective Tissue Functions
Protects & cushions organs and tissues,

31 Connective Tissue Functions
Insulates (fat)

32 Connective Tissue Functions
Transports substances (blood).

33 Connective Tissue Variations in blood supply Well vascularized
Exceptions: tendons and ligaments have poor blood supply and cartilage is avascular

34 Connective Tissue Extracellular matrix -varying amounts of nonliving substances secreted to outside of cells

35 Extracellular Matrix Produced by the cells involved and then secreted
Its what makes the connective tissues different

36 Extracellular Matrix Composed of nonstructured ground substance and fibers

37 Types of Connective Tissue
Bone Cartilage Dense fibrous (tendons and ligaments)

38 Connective - Bone Tree ring-like appearance Supports & protects
Mineral storage Fat storage Blood cell production

39 Connective – Hyaline Cartilage
Supports while providing flexibility Absorbs compression between bones in joints (articular cartilage) Holds open respiratory passages Most abundant type of cartilage in body

40 Types of Connective Tissue
Areolar (loose, many fibers)

41 Types of Connective Tissue
Adipose (fat tissue)

42 Connective - Adipose Honeycomb or chickenwire appearance
Stores energy (fat) Insulates Supports & protects organs

43 Types of Connective Tissue
Reticular: lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow

44 Types of Connective Tissue
Blood

45 Nervous Tissue Nervous Tissue: Main component of the nervous system,
i.e., brain, spinal cord & nerves.

46 Nervous Tissue Functions
Regulates & controls body functions Generates & transmits nerve impulses

47 Nervous Tissue Functions
Supports, insulates and protects impulse generating neurons.

48 Specific Nervous Tissue Types Nervous – Neuron
Branching cells with many long processes Large central nucleus Transmit impulses from one area of the body to other areas Regulate activities through neuron impulses

49 Specific tissue types & representative cell types we will review:
epithelial Squamous Cuboidal Columnar connective Adipose Bone Hyalaine cartilage muscle nervous

50

51 Specific Connective Tissue Types:
Adipose Bone Hyalaine cartilage

52 Specific Muscle Tissue Types:
muscle (skeletal)

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