1. Unit: Safety Restraints Safety belts, child restraints, airbags
The primary learning outcomes desirable from this lesson are as follows:
Become aware of the various restraint devices (both active and passive), their capabilities and limitations.
Understand how to properly use these restraints, and utilize appropriate safeguard measures for maximum effectiveness.
Understand the fallacies and excuses people commonly give for non-seatbelt use and the benefits of consistent habitual usage.

2. Seatbelts
Child Restraints
Airbags

3. Seatbelts: a definition . . .
A restraining device, consisting of anchored straps that buckle across the hips, to protect a seated passenger from abrupt jolts, as in a collision.
Since 1975, seatbelts have saved more than approximately 255,000 lives.*
If you are wearing a shoulder-lap belt during a crash, your risk of being killed is reduced by 45% and risk of serious injury by 50%.*
*Based on 2008 information from Center for Disease Control and Prevention

4. Seatbelts: a definition . . .
A restraining device, consisting of anchored straps that buckle across the hips, to protect a seated passenger from abrupt jolts, as in a collision.
You are four times more likely to die in a car crash if you are not wearing your seat belt.
There
are two
types of
restraints
49 states has either a primary (33 states) or secondary (16 states) law requiring the driver and front seat passengers to wear safety belts. New Hampshire has not enacted a seatbelt law for anyone over the age of 18
Deaths of unbelted occupants have occurred at speeds as low as 12 miles per hour.

5. between an active restraint and a passive restraint?
Seatbelts:
a definition . . .
A restraining device, consisting of anchored straps that buckle across the hips, to protect a seated passenger from abrupt jolts, as in a collision.
ACTIVE and PASSIVE restraints
What is the difference
between an active restraint
and a passive restraint?
Active restraints requires the connection and adjustment
Passive restraints operate without action by occupants

6. adjusting the shoulder strap?
Seatbelts:
How to properly wear them
After closing and locking the door…
Adjust the seat to a comfortable upright position…be sure the belt is not twisted and the metal fittings snap into place
The lap belt should be worn across the hip bones (including expectant mothers)
It should never be positioned across the stomach or soft part of the abdomen
It could slide up
up over the
pelvis and injure
your abdomen
in a crash
What could happen if
the belt is too loose?
What do you know about
adjusting the shoulder strap?

7. What about wearing the shoulder strap tucked behind the back?
Seatbelts:
How to properly wear them
The shoulder strap should be snug, but still allows the driver to reach important controls
Adjust the shoulder strap so that it is comfortable and does not cross the body at or near the neck or face
The shoulder belt should go over the shoulder and across the sternum
This is dangerous
and can cause
severe internal
or spinal injuries
What about wearing the shoulder
strap tucked behind the back?

8. adjust the head-restraint should be all the way up…
Seatbelts:
How to properly wear them
The shoulder strap should be snug, but still allows the driver to reach important controls
Adjust the shoulder strap so that it is comfortable and does not cross the body at or near the neck or face
The shoulder belt should go over the shoulder and across the sternum
If not adjusted,
what type of injury
can be suffered?
Painful whiplash
…this is a
serious injury
Also, do not forget to
adjust the head-restraint
For most people it
should be all the way up…

9. and protect us in crashes. . .
Seatbelts:
How safety belts work
and protect us in crashes. . .
The newer safety belts feel so comfortable you may not think they work, but they do.
Many belt systems are activated only when the vehicle stops suddenly.
The belt has a tiny pendulum connected to a locking mechanism. In the event of a sudden stop, the pendulum activates the locking device, which keeps you firmly in your seat.

10. and protect us in crashes. . .
Seatbelts:
How safety belts work
and protect us in crashes. . .
There are 2 crashes:
Vehicle hitting the wall
Unbelted people hitting steering wheel, dashboard or windshield
THE 2ND CRASH IS THE DEADLY ONE…………..

11. Seatbelts: How safety belts work Since safety belts are proven to be
very effective…
why do some people
still not wear them?
Let’s examine
common objections
people give for
not wearing them

12. Objections people raise for not wearing them
Seatbelts:
Objections people raise
for not wearing them
“Yeah, you’re right.”
“We better
buckle up!”
“We don’t need safety belts, we’re just driving around town.”
How would you answer this?
3 out of 4 collisions occur less than 25 miles from home
More than 80% of all collisions occur at speeds less than 40 mph

13. Objections people raise for not wearing them
Seatbelts:
Objections people raise
for not wearing them
“That makes
sense to me!”
“Me too.”
“If I wear a safety belt, after a crash, I might be trapped in a burning or submerged car!”
How would you answer this?
With a safety belt fastened you have a much better chance
of staying conscious in a crash – so you’ll have the presence
of mind to unfasten it and get out

14. Objections people raise for not wearing them
Seatbelts:
Objections people raise
for not wearing them
“I heard I might be better off if I’m thrown clear of the car in an accident.”
How would you answer this?
Statistics have consistently proven that remaining in the car
in the event of a crash is much safer than being thrown free

15. Objections people raise for not wearing them Seatbelts:
“I heard I might be better off if I’m thrown clear of the car in an accident.”
How would you answer this?
But occasionally you’ll hear a story about someone who makes
the claim they would have been killed if they wore their
seat belt…but instead they were thrown free and survived
Statistics have consistently proven that remaining in the car
in the event of a crash is much safer than being thrown free

16. Objections people raise for not wearing them
Seatbelts:
Objections people raise
for not wearing them
“Let’s not take any chances.”
“Okay.”
“I heard I might be better off if I’m thrown clear of the car in an accident.”
VIDEO WILL SOON PLAY
Courtesy of: US Dept. of Transportation
But occasionally you’ll hear a story about someone who makes
the claim they would have been killed if they wore their
seat belt…but instead they were thrown free and survived
Statistics have consistently proven that remaining in the car
in the event of a crash is much safer than being thrown free

17. Objections people raise for not wearing them
Seatbelts:
Objections people raise
for not wearing them
“Let’s not take any chances.”
“Okay.”
But occasionally you’ll hear a story about someone who makes
the claim they would have been killed if they wore their
seat belt…but instead they were thrown free and survived
Statistics have consistently proven that remaining in the car
in the event of a crash is much safer than being thrown free

18. Objections people raise for not wearing them Seatbelts:
“Wow!”
“We’re strong, but not that strong
“I’m a good driver, I’ve never had an accident…and I drive at slower speeds, I can brace myself.”
Even at these low speeds, strong
arms are like “wet noodles”
How would you answer this?
The crash may not be your fault…but statistically
most people are involved in traffic
collisions during their lifetime
Research shows that the impact of a
30 mph crash is like jumping off a 3 story building
A 25 mph crash is like pedaling your bicycle
full speed into a brick wall

19. Objections people raise for not wearing them
Seatbelts:
Objections people raise
for not wearing them
“That doesn’t appeal to me, let’s buckle up!”
“I hear you!”
“It takes too much time, and is uncomfortable.”
How would you answer this?
1001
1002
1003
You’ll be a lot more
uncomfortable
spending a lot of time
in the hospital or in rehab
It only takes a
few seconds, and
most safety belts
are comfortable

20. Objections people raise for not wearing them
Seatbelts:
Objections people raise
for not wearing them
“That makes sense to me!”
“Get them on!”
“If I get hit from the side, I am better off being thrown across the car, away from the direct impact of the crash.”
How would you answer this?
You also need to stay in the driver’s seat after the
initial impact so it might be possible to steer or brake
Research shows the impact of you flying across the
car (the interior collision) will probably be a lot
worse than if you remained securely in your seat

21. Let’s emphasize our main point and notice a couple more. . .
Seatbelts:
Let’s emphasize our main point
and notice a couple more. . .
You are four times more likely to die in a car crash if you are not wearing your seat belt.
In a crash, any unbelted passenger is a danger not only to himself but to the other people in the vehicle, as he can crash into them causing injury.

22. Be sure all passengers in your car all buckled!
Seatbelts:
You are four times more likely to die in a car crash if you are not wearing your seat belt.
In a crash, any unbelted passenger is a danger not only to himself but to the other people in the vehicle, as he can crash into them causing injury.
Be sure all passengers in your car all buckled!

23. Child Restraints
Auto accidents are a leading cause of deaths in infants and children
What do you know
about child restraints?
50% of those deaths could be prevented by child restraints
The back seat is the safest place for a child to ride
90% of the time child restraints are not properly installed
What are some differences in child restraints?

24. restraints for infants
Child Restraints
Basically, there are
restraints for infants
and for children

25. Child Restraints Weight or size of child Proper type of restraint
Children less than 20 pounds, or less than 1 year
Rear-facing infant seat that is secured to the seat by the seat belts
Children from about 20 to 40 pounds and at least 1 year
Forward-facing child seat
What should you know about the restraint device?

26. A proper type of restraint will:
Child Restraints
A proper type of restraint will:
Properly fit the child…(but allows for some growing room)
Fit securely on the vehicle seat and if forward-facing is attached with a tether strap and tether anchorage hardware.
Has a harness system that is easily attached and adjusted.
Generally, at what
age can older
children begin sitting
in the front seat?
Has clear and easily followed instructions.
Has not been recalled due to a safety defect.

27. Child Restraints
Sadly, some adults are
ignorant of the serious dangers,
not restraining their children
or holding infants in their laps
12 yrs. old is the recommended age…but
Generally, the size of the child is the determining factor.They should be 4’ 9” and 80 lbs. (tall enough so the shoulder harness does not cross the neck or face).
Generally, at what
age can older
children begin sitting
in the front seat?

28. Child Restraints
Sadly, some adults are
ignorant of the serious dangers,
not restraining their children
or holding infants in their laps
Drivers must make sure that ALL infants and children are properly secured in certified child restraint systems.
Car crashes are sudden and violent. Your arms cannot hold onto an infant or child during a collision. But a certified, correctly installed child restraint system can.

29. Child Restraints
When used
properly they
do work.

30. Airbags
Airbags are designed to keep your neck, head, and chest from slamming into the dash board, windshield or steering wheel. They are designed to work with safety belts
Since their introduction it has been estimated that
airbags have saved several thousand people

31. Below is an illustration of a driver side airbag deployment
Below is an illustration of a driver side airbag deployment. The first image is the airbag inflation, the second depicts the dummies contact with the airbag, and the third is the deflation of the airbag. This all takes place in about 50 milliseconds.
In fact the entire inflation/deflation cycle takes less than 1/2 second. The speed of the airbag inflating is around 200 MPH. The vehicle has not come to a stop at this point.

32. Without Airbag
With Airbag

33. Airbags But, there are some important things for drivers
Airbags are designed to deploy in frontal crashes
Side airbags have been developed and are currently available with certain models
The driver airbag reduces fatalities in frontal crashes by approximately 25% (for belted drivers) and reduces serious head injuries by over 60%. It deploys in 50 milliseconds, half the time it takes to blink an eye.
basic driver airbag module consists of an inflator with an initiator, a textile bag (cushion), a housing and a cover for the steering wheel. The most common inflators are pyrotechnic inflators, which contain a gas generant that produces a harmless gas (primarily nitrogen) during a crash. When fully inflated, the driver airbag is approximately the diameter of a large beach ball.
The cushion is made of nylon and folded in a specific way, allowing it to unfold quickly and safely during a crash. Vent holes on the back of the cushion ensure the occupant a soft landing into the bag
But, there are some important things for drivers
to remember…What should the driver know concerning
his/her posture and hand placement on the wheel?

34. Potentially dangerous if airbag deployed
What type
of injuries?
Arms
Face
Neck
Eyes
Chest
What is the potential danger of this hand position on the steering wheel ?

35. What about this 9 and 3 hand position on the steering wheel?
more relaxed position, better if airbag deployed …but this position can quickly become fatiguing
What about this 9 and 3 hand position on the steering wheel?

36. 4 and 8 is now recommended – this is the location of most hand holds on the wheel
Also if you have
a tilt-wheel, tilt it
so the air bag will
deploy toward
your chest (not face)
This will afford
protection in case
of air bag
deployment
At least 10 inches
WHY?
But, airbags are not suitable for everyone…
What do you know about those who should not be
in the front seat exposed to the dangers of the airbag?

37. Airbags Children and air bags do not mix
Air bags could seriously injure or kill children who are sitting in the front seat…they should always be in the back seat buckled up
Also short adults (the airbag should be aimed at the chest)…on some older models, optional switches are available to temporarily turn off the airbag. New vehicles have a computer that will turn the airbag on or off on the passenger seat.

38. Review time…how much do you remember?

39. 1) Nearly every state has _______requiring front seat passengers to wear safety belts.
laws
2) True or False: Wearing a lap-shoulder belt reduces your risk of being killed in a serious collision by 50% and serious injury is reduced by 70%. ________
True
3) Deaths of unbelted occupants have occurred at speeds as low as ________.
12 mph
4) The lap belt should be worn across the_____ bones, never over the soft part of the abdomen.
hip
5) The shoulder strap should never cross the body at or near the ________or _______.
neck
face
6) Wearing the shoulder strap tucked behind the back can cause _________injuries as well as _______cord injuries.
internal
spinal

40. 7) True or False: Three out of four collisions occur
within 25 miles from home ______
True
8) When adjusting your seat, don’t forget to also check the ___________or a painful whiplash can result in the event of a rear-end crash.
head-restraint
9) In a crash with a safety belt on, you have a much better chance of remaining __________ so that if the vehicle did catch fire, you would have the presence of mind to get out.
conscious
10) True or False: If you get broad-sided on the drivers side, you are better off without your seatbelt because you will be pushed to the passenger side, avoiding the severest part of the impact._________
False
11) You need to stay in the drivers seat after the initial impact so you might still be able to _______or _______.
brake
steer

41. 12) True or False: In a crash, an unbelted person is also
a danger to others in the car in that they can fly into other
passengers seriously injuring them as well. ______
True
13) Vehicle collisions are a leading cause of death in children, but nearly _____% could be saved if they were properly __________. 50
restrained
14) The _________is the safest place for a child to ride.
backseat
15) True or False: Children less than 20 lbs or one year old, should be in the back seat facing forward. ______________
False...facing rear
16) True or False: It is not possible for a mother to safely secure her infant in her arms in the event of a crash. _____
True
17) Airbags are designed to work together with _________.
(they are not a substitute for safety belts)
seatbelts

42. 20) You should be sitting at least ___ inches away from the air bag.
18) True or False: Acceptable hand placement on the
steering wheel with an air bag is about 9 or 3 or 4 and 8.
_______ (do not position hands high on wheel)
True
19) Your sitting position with an airbag present is important because the bag deploys at about _____ mph
200
20) You should be sitting at least ___ inches away from the air bag. 10
21) With the air bag present be sure the tilt-steering wheel is not pointed at your ________
face
22) True or False: It is also a danger for short adults to be in the front seat with an airbag…in these situations it might be possible to arrange for an air bag on-off switch. _______
True
23) The best way to protect yourself in the event of a crash is to get into the habit of always ______________
buckling up

43. The end