2. What is organic chemistry?
Chemistry involving organic molecules (molecules that contain carbon)

3. Moodle Videos

4. How are organic molecules drawn?
Organic molecules are COVALENT molecules, so we use lines to show their bonds.
CH4 C2H6 C2H4

5. Each point where lines intersect represent a Carbon.

6. How are organic molecules named?
Based on the number of carbons they contain.
Methane = 1 carbon Pentane = 5 carbons
Ethane = 2 carbons Hexane = 6 carbons
Propane = 3 carbons Heptane = 7 carbons
Butane = 4 carbons Octane = 8 carbons

7. Name the following examples
CH4
C2H6
C5H12
C3H8

8. Long chains of monomers that build large macromolecules are called natural polymers.
An example of a biological polymer is DNA.

9. Each hydrocarbon can be arranged in different ways.
Straight chain hydrocarbons = all carbons in one line with only hydrogen branching off
Ex. C4H10

10. Branched chain hydrocarbons = one or more carbons is bonded to three or four carbons
Ex. C4H10

11. Isomers = hydrocarbons with the same number of carbons, but arranged differently
Different isomers have different chemical and physical properties

12. Isomers How many Carbons do they all have?
How many Hydrogens do they all have?
What is the same?
What is different?

13. How are organic molecules classified?
There are a few characteristics that are used to classify and name organic molecules.

14. Functional Groups are a combination of atoms that behave as a unit
ex. HYDROXIDE

15. Hydroxyl group - Hydrocarbon with a hydroxide attached- form alcohols
Ex. Ethanol (rubbing alcohol)

16. Amine group - Hydrocarbon with a nitrogen attached- form amino acids which make up proteins Ex. Valine

17. Carboxyl groups - Hydrocarbon with one carbon double bonded to oxygen and single bonded to hydroxide- form acidic compounds
Ex. Acetic Acid (Vinegar)