2. NAME / Lamiaa Fathy Asal
Specialization / poultry
Advisor / prof .Dr Hassan saber zeweil

3. Effect of SUBSTITUTION some untraditional sources of proteins FOR SOYBEAN MEAL IN DIETS of New Zealand White rabbits

4. Introduction
Since the discovery of mad cow disease in the last decade, soybean meal have increased demands and accordingly raised its feeding cost. In Egypt, there is a continuous increase in the prices of traditional plant protein sources such as soybean meal, owing to its universal use. Therefore, search for cheaper alternative vegetable protein sources Is urgent. There are a large amount of crops, vegetables and fruit residues could be a new source of feedstuff with low price and high quality proteins which can be used to solve feed shortage and produce least cost diets for rabbits.

5. NIGELLA SEEDS
Nigella seed (Nigella sativa) frequently referred to as black cumin, serves as an important medical crop in many countries and is primarily consumed as medical oil; second, Nigella seed meal (NSM) after oil removal can be used as a protein-rich meal.NSM contains most of the essential amino acids, with crude protein about 33% (EL-Nattat and ELKady,2007) .Nigella sativa control and buffer the condition of the stomach and intestine (Projapati et al., 2003). The black cumin seeds contain thymoquinine that has antibacterial, and immunopotentiating activities via increasing neuterophil of the body against infection (Kanter et al., 2005). Black cumin oil and its derivatives inhibit eicosanoid generation in leukocytes and membrane lipid peroxidation (El-Dakhakhny et al., 2002). Besides, the seeds contain eight essential amino acids that improve natural immune system activity (Omar et al., 1999).

6. ROCKET SEEDS
Production of rocket in Egypt has been stead increased for the strong demand to volatile oils for pharmaceutical purpose. This plant was found to be incarnate the body condition to counteract the stress of illness (Eisenberg et al., 1993).The rocket seeds contain carotenoids, vitamin C, flavonoids such as appiin and luteolin and glucosinolates the precursors of isothiocyanates and sulfaraphene (Talalay and Fahey, 2001), volatileoils like myristicin, apiole β-phellandrene (Bradley, 1992; Leung and Foster, 1996). Glucosinolates were found to have several biological activities including anticarcinogenic, antifungal, antibacterial plus their antioxidant action (Kim et al., 2004). They also contain Zn, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn and other elements (Abdo, 2003) After oil removal, rocket seed meal which increase immune response. (RSM)could be used as a protein-rich meal for feeding rabbits with crude protein about 32% (El-Nattat and El-Kady, 2007). This product is expected to increase in near future due to high demand of the extracted oil .

7. EFFECT OF SUBSTITUTION ROCKET SEED MEAL AS
A SOURCE OF PROTEIN FOR SOYBEAN MEAL IN DIETS OF NEW ZEALAND WHITE RABBITS

8. EXPERIMENTAL Diets 5%RSM 10.5%RSM 9 rabbits 9 rabbits 0%RSM 21%RSM

9. Mineral and vitamin premix1 Chemical composition (%DM):
Table 1: Feed ingredients and chemical composition of the experimental diets
RSM 21%
RSM 10.5%
RSM 5%
RSM 0%
(Control)
Ingredients (%)
29.0
31.0
32.0
33.0
Clover hay
15.0
18.0
20.0
Yellow corn
19.3
16.3
14.5
Wheat bran
11.0
12.0
12.3
Barley grain -
7.5
11.3
Soybean meal
21.0
10.5
5.2
Rocket seed meal
3.0
Molasses
1.0
Limestone
0.5
Common salt
0.2
Mineral and vitamin premix1
Chemical composition (%DM):
92.5
92.7
92.9
93.1
Dry matter (%)
92.6
92.8
Organic matter
15.7
15.8
16.0
Crude protein
3.6
3.2
2.9
2.7
Ether extract
Crude fiber
61.3
61.8
62.3
62.2
Nitrogen free extract
3176
3162
3148
3136
DE (kcal/kg DM)
1Vitamin and mineral premix per kg contained: Vit. A 2.000,000 IU, Vit. D3 150,000IU, Vit.
K 0.33 mg, Bit. B g, Vit.B2 1.0 g, Vit. B6 0.33g, Vit. B mg, Pantothenic acid 3.33 g, Biotin 33 mg, Folic acid 0.83, Choline chloride 200 mg,
Zn 11.7 g, Mn 5.0 g, Fe 12.5g, Mg 66.7 mg, Se 16.6 mg, Co 1.33 mg, Cu 0.5 g, I 16.6 mg and Antioxidant 10.0 g

10. Results

11. Initial body weight (g) Total feed consumption (g)
Table 2: Effect of dietary replacement of SBM by RSM on growth performance
Experimental diets
Significance
RSM 21%
RSM 10.5%
RSM 5%
RSM 0%
(Control) NS
921
927
957
942
Initial body weight (g)
0.01
878±47.3b
1042±21.2a
924±39.3b
905±19.0b
Total weight gain (g)
4008±4.9a
4004±8.8a
3978±19.4ab
3953±24.7b
Total feed consumption (g)
4.57±0.25a
3.84±0.36c
4.21±0.19b
4.38±0.40ab
Feed conversion ratio -
8/9
7/9
Viability (n)

12. Apparent digestibility coefficients:
Table 3: Effects of dietary replacement of SBM by RSM on nutrients digestibility coefficients and diets nutritive value
Experimental diets
RSM 0%
RSM 5%
RSM 10.5%
RSM 21%
Significance
Apparent digestibility coefficients:
Dry matter (DM)
74.2±3.1b
74.0±1.5b
77.5±2.2a
70.8±2.1c
0.01
Organic matter (OM)
73.8±1.4b
73.6±2.5b
77.3±0.8a
70.0±1.9c
Crude protein (CP)
66.2±1.0b
68.9±1.4a
69.1±0.8a
66.0±1.3b
Ether extract (EE)
82.3±2.8
85.5±3.6
84.3±1.0
81.5±1.4 NS
Crude fiber (CF)
38.4±2.1c
49.6±0.6b
53.4±2.2a
40.1±0.9bc
Nitrogen free extract (NFE)
80.2±3.1ab
78.8±1.9ab
83.6±2.7a
76.2±1.2b
0.05
Nutritive value:
Digestible protein (%)
10.6±0.11b
10.9±0.20a
10.9±0.13a
10.4±0.14b
ME (kcal/kg DM)1
3047±77b
3040±75b
3178±33a
2921±77c

13. Experimental diets Significance RSM 0% (Control) RSM 5% RSM 10.5%
Table 4: Effect of dietary replacement of SBM protein by RSM protein on carcass traits and serum blood constituents
Experimental diets
Significance
RSM 0%
(Control)
RSM 5%
RSM 10.5%
RSM 21%
Total protein (gm/dl)
6.07±0.06c
6.47±0.16b
6.92±0.09a
6.15±0.03c
0.05
Albumen (gm/dl)
4.42±0.24
4.77±0.04
4.91±0.05
4.51±0.24 NS
Globulin (gm/dl)
1.68±0.22b
1.70±0.12b
2.00±0.11a
1.64±0.21b
0.01
Total lipids (mg/dl)
264±3.52
259±5.81
254±0.87
256±2.05
Cholesterol (mg/dl)
69.9±0.95b
72.2±0.37a
73.1±0.38a
73.6±0.07a
Urea-N (mg/dl)
30.2±1.26
30.1±0.58
29.9±0.80
30.7±0.42
GPT (U/ml)
33.5±7.77
32.0±4.24
29.1±2.90
29.0±1.79

14. Conclusion

15. It can be concluded that rocket seed meal at 10
It can be concluded that rocket seed meal at 10.5% level of the diet in NZW rabbits had the best results without adverse effects on the growth performance, kidney or liver function, however further studies are needed in this aspect.

16. EVALUATION OF SUBSTITUTING NIGELLA SEED MEAL AS A
SOURCE OF PROTEIN FOR SOYBEAN MEAL IN DIETS OF NEW
ZEWALAND WHITE RABBITS

17. EXPERIMENTAL Diets 6%NSM 12%NSM 9 rabbits 9 rabbits o%NSM 24%NSM

19. Results

20. Initial body weight (g) Total feed consumption (g)
Table 2: Effect of different levels of NSM on growth performance
Experimental diets
Significance
NSM 0%(Control)
NSM 6%
NSM 12%
NSM 24%
Initial body weight (g)
896
900
890
902 NS
Total weight gain (g)
971±12b
991±10b
1046±15a
883±19c
0.01
Total feed consumption (g)
3989±14c
4075±22b
4144±20a
3911±18d
Feed conversion ratio
4.11±0.26ab
4.11±0.08ab
3.96±0.11b
4.43±0.12a
0.05
Viability (n)
8/9
9/9
7/9

21. Table 3: Effect of different levels of NSM on digestibility coefficients of nutrients and nutritive values
Experimental diets
Significance
NSM 0% (Control)
NSM 6%
NSM 12%
NSM 24%
Apparent digestibility coefficients:
Dry matter (DM)
76.6±0.29b
76.8±0.49b
78.4±0.42a
73.8±0.39c
0.05
Organic matter (OM)
77.6±0.54b
78.1±1.08b
80.8±0.58a
75.3± 0.25c
Crude protein (CP)
84.6±0.45b
84.3±0.12b
86.5±0.48a
83.6±0.37c
0.01
Ether extract (EE)
85.9±0.99
87.4±1.82
86.8±1.35
83.6±1.28 NS
Crude fiber (CF)
54.5±1.29b
57.6±0.68a
58.7±1.34a
50.2±1.14c
Nitrogen free extract (NFE)
79.5±0.25b
81.0±0.30ab
83.1±0.67a
75.4±0.78c
Nutritive value of diets:
Digestible protein (%)
13.9±0.19ab
13.9±0.18ab
14.0±0.08a
13.7±0.27b
Metabolisable energy (kcal/kg DM)*
3142±26b
3152±18b
3212±24a
3034±34c
1According to Maertens and de Groote (1987) 

22. Table 4: Effect of different levels of NSM on serum blood constituents
Experimental diets
Significance
NSM 0%
(Control)
NSM 6%
NSM 12%
NSM 24%
Total protein (gm/dl)
6.31±0.02b
6.57±0.03a
6.66±0.07a
5.95±0.03c
0.01
Albumen (gm/dl)
4.03±0.04b
4.10±0.03b
4.42±0.05a
3.54±0.10c
Globulin (gm/dl)
2.28±0.02
2.47±0.02
2.23±0.08
2.41±0.08 NS
Total lipids (mg/dl)
262±0.9
263±1.3
264±0.1
Cholesterol (mg/dl)
69.6±0.24d
74.6±0.24c
76.9±0.07b
78.4±0.34a
Urea-N (mg/dl)
31.0±0.4a
28.8±0.3c
30.8±0.2a
30.0±0.1b
GPT (U/ml)
32.5±3.5
34.2±7.2
30.5±2.1
33.5±6.4
a, c Means in the same row bearing different letters, differ significantly (P≤0.05)

23. Conclusion

24. It could be recommended to use Nigella seed meal in NZW rabbit diets as a non-traditional source of plant protein up to 12% without harmful effects on the growth performance and blood constituents. Further studies needed from the practical point of view.