1. Health Effects of Environmental Agents
ENVR430 (Formerly ENVR130)
Monday Wednesday Friday, 1 to 1:50 pm
McGavran-Greenberg 1301
Course director, L.M. Ball

2. Pew Environmental Health Commission
Environmental Health comprises those aspects of human health, including quality of life, that are determined by interactions with physical, chemical, biological and social factors in the environment. It also refers to the theory and practice of assessing, correcting, controlling and preventing those factors in the environment that may adversely affect the health of present and future generations.
Pew Environmental Health Commission

5. National Environmental Health Association NEHA www.neha.org
National Center for Environmental Health NCEH
National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences NIEHS

6. Environmental Scientists and Specialists
Conduct research or perform investigations for the purpose of identifying, abating or eliminating sources of pollutants or hazards that affect either the environment or the health of the population. Utilizing knowledge of various scientific disciplines may collect, synthesize, study, report, and take action based on data derived from measurements or observations of air, food, soil, water and other sources U.S. Department of Labor

7. Environmental Agents
Microbial
Chemical
Physical

8. Physical Hazards Heat Cold Trauma Radiation
Ionizing radiation (radioactivity)
Non-ionizing radiation
X-rays UV
Infrared
Microwave
Radio
Electromagnetic

10. Chemical Hazards
“Naturally-Occurring”
“Anthropogenic”

11. Naturally-Occurring Chemicals
Microbial toxins
Bacterial toxins
Botulinus toxin (Clostridium botulinum )
Shigatoxin (Shigella dysenteriae )
Fungal toxins (mycotoxins)
Ergot alkaloids (Claviceps purpurea)
Aflatoxins (Aspergillus spps)

13. Plant Constituents Alkaloids Pigments Methane Terpenes Urushiol
Atropine
Solanine
Pigments
Methane
Terpenes
Urushiol
Atropine

14. Animal Constituents
Alkaloids
Snake venom
Ciguatoxin

15. Combustion Products Gases Hydrocarbons
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Phenanthrene
Benzanthracene
Benzo[a]pyrene

16. Minerals Soil dust (including e.g. Ca, Al, Si)
Leaching into groundwater
Selenium
Arsenic

17. Anthropogenic Chemicals
Inadvertent introduction
Deliberate use

18. Inadvertent introduction
Industrial by-products
Insulators
Effluents
Wastes
Spills
Improper disposal

19. Industrial solvents
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Chlorinated hydrocarbons

20. Drinking water disinfection by-products
Trihalomethanes
Chloroform CHCl3
Bromodiloromethane CHBrCl2
Dibromochloromethane CHBr2Cl
Bromoform CHBr3
Haloacetic acids
Trichloroacetic acid CCl3-COOH
Dichloroacetic acid CHCl2-COOH
Dibromoacetic acid CHBr2-COOH

21. Combustion products
Gases: CO, CO2, O3, peroxyacyl nitrates, nitrogen oxides (N2O, NO, NO2), sulfur oxides (SO2, SO3)
Particulate matter
Hydrocarbons
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

22. Deliberate use Pesticides Fertilizers Food additives Plasticizers
Pharmaceuticals
Waste disposal

23. Insecticides
Chlorinated hydrocarbons
Organophosphates
Carbamates

24. Herbicides
Broad-spectrum
Broad-leaf
Grassy-leaf

25. Fertilizers
Nitrates
Phosphates

26. Food additives Anti-oxidants Anti-microbials Sweeteners
Other flavoring agents
Coloring agents
Humectants
Anti-caking agents

27. Plasticizers

28. THE MICROBIAL WORLD:
SIZES OF MICROBES
VIRUS
0.1 um
BACTERIUM
1 x 2 um