1. ACIDS, BASES and SALTS

2. Strong Acids HCl → H+ + Cl- - dissociate completely into ions
ACIDS, BASES and SALTS
Strong Acids HCl → H+ + Cl-
- dissociate completely into ions
- readily transfer H+ ions
- strong electrolytes
Phet Simulation Acid-Base Solutions
Strong & Weak Acids Animations

3. ACIDS, BASES and SALTS
Common Strong Acids (Table K)
HCl – hydrochloric acid
HNO3 – nitric acid
H2SO4 – sulfuric acid
Add HBr and HI to Table K

4. Weak Acids HC2H3O2 ↔ H+ + C2H3O2-
ACIDS, BASES and SALTS
Weak Acids HC2H3O2 ↔ H+ + C2H3O2-
- do not dissociate completely into ions
- do not readily transfer H+ ions
- poor/weak electrolyte
Phet Simulation Acid-Base Solutions

5. ACIDS, BASES and SALTS
Common Weak Acids (Table K)
acetic acid - HC2H3O2 or CH3COOH
carbonic acid - H2CO3
phosphoric acid - H3PO4

6. Strong Bases LiOH → Li+ + OH- - dissociate completely into ions
ACIDS, BASES and SALTS
Strong Bases LiOH → Li+ + OH-
- dissociate completely into ions
- readily yields OH- ions
- have strong affinity (attraction) for H+
- strong electrolyte
Phet Simulation Acid-Base Solutions
All About That Base (No Acid) 03:40

7. Common Strong Bases (Table L)
ACIDS, BASES and SALTS
Common Strong Bases (Table L)
metal hydroxides (OH-) with group 1 or 2 metals
NaOH – sodium hydroxide
KOH – potassium hydroxide
Ca(OH)2 - calcium hydroxide
LiOH – lithium hydroxide

8. Weak Bases CuOH ↔ Cu+1 + OH-
ACIDS, BASES and SALTS
Weak Bases CuOH ↔ Cu OH-
- react only partially in water to form OH- ions
Phet Simulation Acid-Base Solutions

9. Common Weak Bases (Table L – NH3) and Fe(OH)2 – iron (II) hydroxide
ACIDS, BASES and SALTS
Common Weak Bases (Table L – NH3) and
all other metal hydroxides (OH-) not with group 1 or 2 metals
Fe(OH)2 – iron (II) hydroxide
Fe(OH)3 – iron (III) hydroxide
CuOH – copper (I) hydroxide
Al(OH)3 - aluminum hydroxide

10. Amphoteric (Amphiprotic) substances
ACIDS, BASES and SALTS
Amphoteric (Amphiprotic) substances
– can act as either an acid _________________
or as a base _________________________
proton (H+) donor
proton (H+) acceptor

11. ACIDS, BASES and SALTS
Identify the acid, base, conjugate acid and conjugate base. (see Table L - the stronger acid is the proton donor)
Remember Bronstead-Lowery Definitions:
An acid donates a proton (H+)
A base accepts a proton (H+)

12. ACIDS, BASES and SALTS H2O H2O + NH3 ↔ H2O + HCl ↔ NH3 NH3 + HCl ↔
 NH3 NH3 + HCl ↔
  NH3 + H- ↔   
HCO3- HCO3- + H2O ↔
  HCO3- + HSO4- ↔
 HSO4- HSO4- + H2O ↔
  HSO4- + HCl ↔
 H2PO4- H2PO4- + H2O ↔
  H2PO4- + HBr ↔