1. MARINE POLLUTION: THE NEED FOR EFFECTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT.

2. Marine Pollution: A major international
Problem (IMO (2002, 2001, 2000, 1998), Boesch, et al. (2001), Maclaren (1994), Blowers (1993), Tolba (1992) ):
i. Environmental
ii. Economic
iii. Socio-economic

3. SOURCES OF POLLUTION Agriculture, Roads, Industry
1. Land-based
Agriculture, Roads, Industry
(Dissipating wastes, Particulate pollution)
2. Marine-based
Shipping, warfare, aircraft accidents
3. Atmosphere
CONCERN
The general system of waste management in Jamaica
CONTEXT:
Sustainable Development
(Jamaica as an island-state)

4. TYPES OF WASTE ii. Inorganic i. Organic Radioactive MAJOR FOCUS:
1. Ship-Generated Waste
2. Industrial Minerals Sector Waste

5. CONSERVATIVE POLLUTANTS
i. Permanent additions to the marine
environment.
ii. Often “invisible,” showing no obvious signs of their presence.
iii. Non-biodegradable – hence their persistence in the natural environment.

6. They include: i. Halogenated hydrocarbons
Pesticides, made into polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
Industrial applications generally employ Cl in manufacturing halogenated hydrocarbons - cheapest halogen.
ii. Heavy metals - mercury, cadmium, lead
iii. Non-biodegradable plastics, styrofoam and other petrochemical products
iv. Radioactive material.

7. IMPACTS Self-repair System overload Ecosystem destruction
Ecosystem damage
Ecosystem destruction
Degradable waste breaks down into less harmful components.
Organic matter and nutrients may not be toxic. The huge volumes
removes oxygen and sediments from H2O (Anoxic conditions) causing
massive numbers of deaths, massive growth of algae.
Self-repair

8. SHIP-GENERATED WASTE Huge quantities Impacts the marine environment:
Costal communities
Livelihood of entities dependent on marine- based resources and services:
i. Fish stocks
ii. Minerals
iii. Recreation, Sports, Tourism
iv. Transportation.

9. WASTE MANAGEMENT TOOLS
i. Legislation
ii. Self-regulation
iii. Product design
iv. Management

10. HIERARCHY OF PREVENTIVE OPTIONS
Processes
Improved efficiency, better control, improved materials
handling
Materials
Reduce material inputs change to less toxic materials
Products
Change consumption, improve durability, etc.
Activities
Reduce material consumption, less polluting activities

11. , Products: Change consumption, improve durability etc. Materials:
Processes:
Improved efficiency, better control, improved materials handling
Materials:
Reduce material inputs change to less toxic materials
Products:
Change consumption, improve durability etc.
Activities:
Reduce material consumption, less polluting activities
FIGURE 5.3: A Hierarchy of Preventative Options. After Hirschhorn, Jackson and Baas (1993, 136) in Jackson, Tim (ed). ,

12. PERSONAL STUDIES

13. Comparisons – England/Jamaica:
INITIAL FINDINGS
1. No appropriately engineered and dedicated ship-generated
waste management facility
Absence of MARPOL-sanctioned ship-generated waste
management facilities threatens aspects of the tourism product and the fishing sector.
Comparisons – England/Jamaica:
i. Several dedicated facilities
ii. Wide use of waste contractors
iii. Ship-generated wastes facilities not managed for profit
iv. Provision of facilities seen as a priority

14. THANK
YOU.