1. Child Sexual Exploitation & Modern Slavery
Make a Change Team
Charlie

2. Revised CSE definition – DofE Feb 2016
Child sexual exploitation is a form of child sexual abuse. It occurs where an individual or group takes advantage of an imbalance of power to coerce, manipulate or deceive a child or young person under the age of 18 into sexual activity (a) in exchange for something the victim needs or wants, and/or (b) for the financial advantage or increased status of the perpetrator or facilitator. The victim may have been sexually exploited even if the sexual activity appears consensual. Child sexual exploitation does not always involve physical contact; it can also occur through the use of technology.
Charlie

3. Charlie

4. Indicators of Exploitation – LSCB CSE Toolkit
Low Risk
Medium Risk
High Risk
Poor self-image
Repeat offending behaviour
Street homelessness
Experimenting with drugs or alcohol
Bullying/threatening behaviour/violent outbursts
Meeting adults through the internet
Changes in behaviour – extreme secretiveness
Getting into cars of men who are “strangers”
Child under 13 engaging in sexual activity
Superficial self-harm
Multiple sexually transmitted infections
Physical injuries – external/internal without clear explanation
Access to premises not known to parent/carer
Extensive use of phone, particularly late at night to “unknown” men
Being identified in a “red light” area
Regularly coming home late or going missing
Non-school attendance or exclusion
Associating with known sexually exploited children
Associating with unknown adults
Involvement in gang activity
Being trafficked
Charlie
What indicators can they come up with – and where would they sit low/medium high?

5. Charlie

6. Grooming Line Activity
Charlie

7. Statistics - Suffolk
Charlie

8. Charlie
Make a Change Team average monthly referrals received 6.5 (averaged over the last 13 months).

9. Charlie

10. Charlie
Make a Change Team average monthly activities received 67.0 for 54.2 young people (averaged over the last 13 months).

11. Figures from May 2017 Charlie
There were 84 activities received in May, 17 of which have been removed as they were not intended for MAC intervention – these cases either had concerns for a single child duplicated across siblings, an old assessment being authorised, risk boxes ticked in error or the activity being completed by another team. The remaining 67 activities were regarding 57 young people; this is a significant increase on the 58 activities (68 before removals) for 49 young people received last month.
Figures from May 2017

12. Modern Slavery
In 2013 , the term Modern Slavery was introduced in the UK to describe all offences previously described as human trafficking, forced labour and domestic servitude.
Traffickers and exploiters use whatever means they have at their disposal to coerce, deceive and force individuals into a life of abuse, servitude and inhumane treatment.
(taken from NCA Strategic Assessment – The Nature and Scale Of Human Trafficking in 2014)
Jess
The scale of modern slavery in the UK is both hidden and significant.
Modern slavery crimes are committed across the UK.
There has been year on year increase in the number of victims identified.
A large number of active organised crime groups are involved in modern slavery. But it is also committed by individual opportunistic perpetrators.

13. Trafficking
Human trafficking involves recruitment, harbouring or transporting people into a situation of exploitation through the use of violence, deception or coercion and forced to work against their will.
People can be trafficked for many different forms of exploitation such as forced prostitution, forced labour, forced begging, forced criminality, domestic servitude, forced marriage, and forced organ removal.
Jess
Smuggling or trafficking?
People often confuse human trafficking and people smuggling. People smuggling is the illegal movement of people across international borders for a fee. On arrival, the smuggled person is free.
Human trafficking is different. The trafficker is moving a person for exploitation. There is no need to cross an international border. Human trafficking occurs at a national level, or even within one community.

14. Jess

15. Jess
Data collated form the National Crime Agency published on 07/04/2017
3805 potential victims were submitted to the National Referral mechanism in 2016; this was a 17% increase on 2015.
Reporting showed that potential victims of trafficking from 108 different Nationalities in 2016.
Of the 3805 that were referred 1936 were females (51%) and 1864 males (48%) (34%) referred for exploitation were minors. Minor exploitation referrals increased 30% on 2015 totals.
NCA Strategic Assessment – The Nature and Scale of Human Trafficking in 2014

16. Child Trafficking in Suffolk
Many children are trafficked into the UK from abroad, but children can also be trafficked from one part of the UK to another.
2 Case Studies from Make a Change cases:
Romania to England
Lowestoft to London
Jess
Jess 2 case studies
Prosecutions are rare – victims may afraid or reluctant to give evidence, trafficking networks can make it difficult to gather evidence on individuals