1. 11.1 The Scramble for Africa

2. Africa is a CONTINENT not a country… In case you forgot!

3. Imperialism
Imperialism: A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially

4. MOTIVES FOR IMPERIALISM

5. Imperialism Motives Economic Political Religious Exploratory
Ideological
Political
Religious

6. Analyzing Imperial
Motives

7. Industrialization Leads to Imperialism
The Industrial Revolution pushed Europe to find more resources and raw materials to fuel their industries
They competed for new markets and goods  Africa became the target
Colonial Powers seized vast areas of Africa during the 19th and 20 centuries

8. Africa before European Dominance
Ethnic groups – hundreds
Languages – there were more than 1,000
Religion – mainly traditional (animism), also
Islamic or Christian
Politically – large empires to small
Tribes
Trade – specialized networks and items
(Ivory and beeswax)

9. Europeans saw Africa as an unoccupied land waiting to be taken

10. The African Congo Europeans were unable to penetrate the inside
of Africa because of
disease and travel difficulties
Dr. David Livingstone- Scottish missionary traveled to promote Christianity
(went missing)
Henry Stanley – an American journalist
hired to find
Livingstone and chart
the Congo

11. King Leopold II of Belgium
“I don't want to miss the chance of getting us a slice of this magnificent African cake.”
Africa

12. Belgian Congo
King Leopold II commissioned Stanley to help him obtain land in Congo
Stanley signed treaties with local chiefs and took control of the lands
80 times larger than Belgium
Claimed primary motive was to end slave trade & promote Christianity

13. Belgian control in congo
Leopold’s companies brutally exploited Africans
Forced them to collect sap from rubber plants
10 million Congolese died
Belgian government finally took control away from Leopold

14. Driving Forces of Imperialism
European nations needed natural resources, raw materials, and markets for their goods to improve their economies Belief in European Superiority: 1. National pride 2. Competition 3. Racism 4. Social Darwinism

15. -The Diamond Discovery in
South Africa in the 1860s led to more countries joining the scramble for African territory
-Further exploitation of Africans
-Increased competition

17. SOCIAL DARWINISM
Social theory (based on Charles Darwin’s scientific theories) that said that those who were fittest for survival enjoyed wealth and success and were considered superior to others

18. Each nation was determined to take as much territory as possible
The Europeans believed that an empire was proof of a nation’s greatness
Each nation was determined to take as much territory as possible

19. Factors Promoting Imperialism
SUPERIOR WEAPONS
Machine gun – superior weaponry
Steam engine: boats and trains – made travel easier
Maxim gun

20. Factors Promoting Imperialism
FAILED AFRICAN UNITY
Variety of language and culture – did not encourage unity amongst Africans
Rivalry amongst ethnic groups – kept Africans from uniting against the Europeans

21. The Division of Africa
The discovery of diamonds and gold caused countries to join in the land scramble
Berlin Conference ( )-
14 European countries met to divide up African lands.
A country could claim land by notifying other countries and controlling the area
No African ruler was invited to attend

22. The Clash Over Africa
3 groups mainly fought over Africa: Africans, Dutch and British
Europeans saw the lands as empty
Local Wars in South Africa
(Zulus v. British)
Shaka Zulu controlled a large centralized state. When he died the British invaded the Zulu nation and was defeated by their superior weaponry

23. BOER
The
Boer
War vs
BOAR

24. The Boer War
Boer Wars (Boers v. British)
Boers are Dutch farmers, also known as Afrikaners who settled in South Africa
Diamonds and gold were discovered in S. Africa - rush of people came to get rich
A rebellion broke out – the Boers blamed the British
This was the first “total” war
Ultimately the British won the war

25. Who had the biggest piece of the “cake” in the end?
1913
Who had the biggest piece of the “cake” in the end?
1848

26. QUIZ WIZ What is imperialism?
A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially

27. How did the Industrial Revolution influence European imperialism?
QUIZ WIZ
How did the Industrial Revolution influence European imperialism?
The Industrial Revolution pushed Europe to find more resources and raw materials to fuel their industries

28. QUIZ WIZ Why did King Leopold lose control of the Belgian Congo?
The harsh treatment and exploitation of Congolese people

29. Most Africans were not wealthy
QUIZ WIZ
How does Social Darwinism support European’s idea of racial superiority?
Social Darwinism: Social theory that said that those who were fittest for survival enjoyed wealth and success and were considered superior to others
Most Africans were not wealthy

30. QUIZ WIZ What are the factors that promoted imperialism?
Machine gun – superior weaponry
Steam engine: boats and trains – made travel easier
Variety of language and culture – did not encourage unity amongst Africans
Rivalry amongst ethnic groups – kept Africans from uniting against the Europeans

31. QUIZ WIZ Why weren’t Africans allowed at the Berlin Conference?
They wouldn’t accept Europeans claiming their lands

32. QUIZ WIZ What was the result of the Boer War?
British beat the Dutch and settled in South Africa