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MAGNITUDE 6,2 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES CENTRAL ITALY Wednesday Morning, August 24, 2016 lecture by Walter Hays Uploading date: August 24, 2016 Updated August.

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Presentation on theme: "MAGNITUDE 6,2 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES CENTRAL ITALY Wednesday Morning, August 24, 2016 lecture by Walter Hays Uploading date: August 24, 2016 Updated August."— Presentation transcript:

1 MAGNITUDE 6,2 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES CENTRAL ITALY Wednesday Morning, August 24, 2016
lecture by Walter Hays Uploading date: August 24, 2016 Updated August 26,2016 More lectures at Disasters Supercourse -  PPT original - URL: Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

2 ITALY

3 LOCATION MAP

4 NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN ITALY
FLOODS GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIES WINDSTORMS HIGH BENEFIT/COST FROM BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT EARTHQUAKES VOLCANOES WILDFIRES LANDSLIDES

5 The moderate magnitude, SHALLOW (10 km) DEPTH, earthquake, which struck at 3:36 a.m. local time on Wednesday morning near Norcia, 50 miles southeast of Perugia, was felt more than 100 miles away in Rome

6 Perugia is the capital city of the region of Umbria in central Italy, crossed by the river Tiber, and also the capital of the province of Perugia, located about 164 km from Rome

7 Strong ground shaking caused severe damage that resulted in at least 247 deaths (so far), and many injuries and homeless, especially in Amatrice

8 “AMATRICE, AS A CITY, IS NO MORE”

9 DEVASTATION IN AMATRICE

10 DEVASTATION

11 DEVASTATION

12 Immediately, local residents worked with their bare hands in efforts to save survivors trapped in the rubble

13 A RESCUE IN AMATRICE

14 International disaster relief agency, ShelterBox, based in the UK but with an affiliate organisation in Milan, sent a team within 24 hours to assist in what will be a very difficult search and rescue

15 ELEMENTS OF RISK AND DISASTER

16 Natural Phenomena That Cause Disasters
Planet Earth’s heat flow causes movement of lithospheric plates, which causes sub-duction, which causes EARTH-QUAKES

17 TECTONIC PLATES

18 ELEMENTS OF EARTHQUAKE RISK
HAZARDS EXPOSURE RISK VULNERABILITY LOCATION

19 EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS ARE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS

20 EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS SURFACE FAULT RUPTURE, GROUND SHAKING, GROUND FAILURE (LIQUEFACTION, LANDSLIDES), AFTERSHOCKS

21 TSUNAMI FAULT RUPTURE TECTONIC DEFORMATION DAMAGE/LOSS
FOUNDATION FAILURE EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE/ LOSS SITE AMPLIFICATION DAMAGE/ LOSS GROUND SHAKING LIQUEFACTION DAMAGE/ LOSS DAMAGE/LOSS LANDSLIDES DAMAGE/ LOSS AFTERSHOCKS DAMAGE/ LOSS SEICHE DAMAGE/ LOSS

22 UNREINFORCED MASONRY, BRICK OR STONE
REINFORCED CONCRETE WITH UNREINFORCED WALLS CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS HAVE DIFFERENT VULNERABILITIES TO GROUND SHAKING 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 MEAN DAMAGE RATIO, % OF REPLACEMENT VALUE REINFORCED CONCRETE WITH REINFORCEDWALLS STEEL FRAME ALL METAL & WOOD FRAME V VI VII VIII IX INTENSITY

23 INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING
CAUSES OF DAMAGE INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING SOIL AMPLIFICATION PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND FAILURE) IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN EARTHQUAKES “DISASTER LABORATORIES” FIRE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF UTILITIES LACK OF DETAILING AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS INATTENTION TO NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

24 A DISASTER CAN HAPPEN WHEN THE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS OF AN EARTHQUAKE INTERACT WITH UNPREPARED COMMUNITIES

25 A DISASTER is --- --- the set of failures that overwhelm the capability of a community to respond without external help  when three continuums: 1)  people, 2) community (i.e., a set of habitats, livelihoods, and social constructs), and 3) complex events (e.g., earthquakes, tsunamis,…) intersect at a point in space and time.

26 Disasters are caused by single- or multiple-event natural hazards that, (for various reasons), cause extreme levels of mortality, morbidity, homelessness, joblessness, economic losses, or environmental impacts.

27 THE REASONS ARE . . . When it does happen, the functions of the community’s buildings and infrastructure will be LOST because they are UNPROTECTED with the appropriate codes and standards.

28 THE REASONS ARE . . . The community is UN-PREPARED for what will likely happen, not to mention the low-probability of occurrence—high-probability of adverse consequences event.

29 THE REASONS ARE . . . The community has NO DISASTER PLANNING SCENARIO or WARNING SYSTEM in place as a strategic framework for early threat identification and coordinated local, national, regional, and international countermeasures.

30 THE REASONS ARE . . . The community LACKS THE CAPACITY TO RESPOND in a timely and effective manner to the full spectrum of expected and unexpected emergency situations.

31 THE REASONS ARE . . . The community is INEFFICIENT during recovery and reconstruction because it HAS NOT LEARNED from either the current experience or the cumulative prior experiences.

32 THE ALTERNATIVE TO AN EARTHQUAKE DISASTER IS EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE

33 EQ DISASTER RESILIENCE
HAZARDS INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION EARTHQUAKES ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK RISK EQ DISASTER RESILIENCE DATA BASES AND INFORMATION ITALY’S COMMUNITIES PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION FORECASTS/SCENARIOS EMERGENCY RESPONSE RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION POLICY OPTIONS HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

34 STRATEGIC COLLABORATION (I. E
STRATEGIC COLLABORATION (I.E., WORKING TOGETHER ON A COMMON GOAL) FOR BECOMINMG EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENT

35

36

37 EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

38 EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR EQ DISASTER RESILIENCE
MEASURMENT TECHNOLOGIES (E.G., GROUND SHAKING; STRAIN) INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (E.G., GIS) RISK MODELING (E.G., HAZUS, INSURANCE UNDERWRITING) DATABASES DISASTER SCENARIOS ZONATION OF POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS AS A TOOL FOR POLICY DECISIONS

39 EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR EQ RESILIENCE
AUTOMATED CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMEMT PREFABRICATION AND MODULARIZATION ADVANCED MATERIALS (E.G., COMPOSITES) COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN PERFORMANCE BASED CODES AND STANDARDS ACTIVE AND PASSIVE ENERGY DISSIPATION DEVICES (E.G., BASE ISOLATION) REAL-TIME MONITORING AND WARNING SYSTEMS

40 EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR EQ DISASTER RESILIENCE
PROBABILISTIC FORECASTS OF PHYSICAL EFFECTS MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGIES (E.G., SEISMIC NETWORKS, TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM) DATABASES SEISMIC ENGINEERING MAPS: GROUND SHAKING, GTOUND FAILURE, TSUNAMI WAVE RUNIP DISASTER SCENARIOS WARNING SYSTEMS RISK MODELING (E.G., HAZUS, INSURANCE UNDERWRITING)

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