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Fainting
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Fainting Fainting is the temporary loss of consciousness followed by the return to full wakefulness.
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Causes of Fainting Heart fails to pump the blood
The blood vessels don't have enough tone to maintain blood pressure to deliver the blood to the brain There is not enough blood or fluid within the blood vessels Dehydration
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Treatment ABC Lay the person flat on his or her back.
Elevate the person's legs to restore blood flow to the brain. Loosen tight clothing.
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Impaired Consciousness
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Unconsciousness Unconsciousness is when a person is unable to respond to people and activities
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AVPU scale Check for casualty’s level of response A-alert V-voice
Able to answer questions and follow commands V-voice Response to voice prompt P-pain Casualty is responsive to pain stimulus (trapezes squeeze) U-unresponsive Immediately call 995 ambulance
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Causes of Unconsciousness
Any major illness or injury Substance abuse and alcohol use
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How to Treat Unconsciousness
ABC Lay the person flat on his or her back. Elevate the person's legs to restore blood flow to the brain. Loosen tight clothing.
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How to Treat Unconsciousness
Do NOT give an unconscious person any food or drink. Do NOT leave the person alone. Do NOT place a pillow under the head of an unconscious person. Do NOT slap an unconscious person's face or splash water on the face to try to revive him.
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What is Shock? Shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the circulatory system fails and vital organs are deprived of oxygen. It requires immediate emergency treatment to prevent permanent organ damage and death.
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Causes of Shock Severe loss of body fluids Heart attacks Infections
Lack of certain hormones Low blood sugar Severe allergic reaction Drug overdose Spinal cord injury Hypothermia
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Signs and Symptoms of Shock
Pale, cold, clammy skins; sweating Slow capillary refill Weakness or dizziness Nausea Thirst Rapid, shallow breathing
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Types of Shock Neurogenic Shock Cardiogenic Shock
Injury or trauma to the nervous system Cardiogenic Shock Damage to heart muscle; heart unable to pump effectively
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Types of Shock Haemorrhagic Shock Anaphylactic Shock
Severe bleeding or loss of body fluid from trauma, burns, surgery, or dehydration from severe nausea and vomiting Anaphylactic Shock Results from reaction to substance to which patient is hypersensitive or allergic
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How to treat Shock Treat any possible cause of shock that is diagnosed. Lay casualty on ground Elevate legs to improve blood circulation Loosen tight clothing at the neck, chest and waist area to reduce constriction. Keep casualty warm by covering he/her body with coats or blankets.
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