1. UNIT 10 – THE GREAT WAR
CHAPTER 29
THE GREAT WAR

2. CHAPTER 29 The Great War, 1914–1918 SECTION 1 Marching Toward War
Several factors lead to World War I, a conflict that devastates Europe and has a major impact on the world.
Allied soldiers climbing over trenches on first day of the costly Battle of the Somme (July 1, 1916).
SECTION 1
Marching Toward War
SECTION 2
Europe Plunges into War
SECTION 3
A Global Conflict
SECTION 4
A Flawed Peace

3. OBJECTIVES
CORE OBJECTIVE: Analyze the causes and effects of World War I.
Objective 10.1: Summarize the events that set World War I in motion.
THEME: At the beginning of the 20th century, a terrible war begins in Europe that will claim over 8 million lives.

4. CHAPTER 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR
In Europe, military buildup, nationalistic feelings, and rival alliances set the stage for a continental war.

5. THE BALKAN PENINSULA

6. However, the main causes of the war existed long before 1914.
THE POWDER KEG
An assassination will start WWI.
However, the main causes of the war existed long before 1914.

7. CAUSES OF WWI Militarism
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Militarism
Mutual animosity spurs European countries to engage in arms race
Militarism — policy of glorifying military power, preparing army
Alliances
In a complicated system of alliances, different groups of European nations had pledged to come to one another’s aid in the event of attack.
Imperialism
Competition for colonies stirs mistrust among European nations
Nationalism
#1: One type of nationalism inspired the great powers of Europe to act in their own interests. EX: gaining land to feel powerful
#2: Another emerged as ethnic minorities within larger nations sought self-government. EX: Serbia wants to merge with Bosnia for an empire.

8. RISING TENSIONS The Rise of Nationalism Germany Unifies
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The Rise of Nationalism
Europe enjoys peace in late 1800s but problems lie below surface
Growing nationalism leads to competition among nations
Nationalism in the Balkans leads many groups to demand independence
Germany Unifies
Under Otto von Bismark, the German Empire is created (1871) after the Franco-Prussian War.
Germany takes the territory Alsace-Lorraine from France.
The ‘Iron Chancellor’ Otto von Bismarck focused on maintaining cordial relations with the other European powers.

9. THE TRIPLE ENTENTE
Germany’s Otto von Bismarck works to keep peace in Europe after 1871
Believes France wants revenge for loss in 1870 Franco-Prussian War
Kaiser Wilhelm II becomes German ruler in 1888; Policy shifted to aggressive expansion.
Foreign policy changes begin in 1890 with dismissal of Bismarck
alliance with Russia dropped; Russia then allies with France
effort to strengthen German navy, which alarms Britain
In response: Britain, France, Russia form Triple Entente alliance in 1907
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10. ALLIANCES LEAD TO WWI
Austrian-Hungarian Empire controlled several ethic groups.
Many groups in Balkans win independence during early 1900s
New nation of Serbia made up largely of Slavs
Serbian nationalists wanted to unite Serbs who lived in the Austrian-Hungarian Empire with Serbia.
Austria-Hungary annexes Slavic region Bosnia and Herzegovina (1908)
Serbia outraged, sees itself as rightful ruler of these Slavic lands
Saravejo

11. Member of the Black Hand, a Serbian nationalists group
FRANZ FERDINAND
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The immediate event sparking the Great War was the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand in Sarajevo, Bosnia, on June 28,
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Member of the Black Hand, a Serbian nationalists group
Garvillo Princip, a Serbian nationalist assassinated the Archduke. He was trying to gain allowances for his fellow Serbs who lived under Austrian rule.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his family. Archduke was heir to the throne in the Austrian Hungarian Empire. His assassination June 28, 1914 eventually led to WWI.

12. ENTANGLING ALLIANCES
When Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, the complex alliance system in Europe drew much of the continent into the conflict.

13. WAR SPARKED
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At the time of his assassination, Francis Ferdinand, heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, had been visiting Bosnia, a new Austro-Hungarian province.
Convinced that Serbia was behind the assassination, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia on July 28, 1914.
Russia, as Serbia’s protector, began mobilization, or the readying of troops for war.
Germany, an ally of Austria declares war on Russia on August 1.
France, Russia’s ally will join the war a few days later. Britain will join by the end of August.
Germany and Austria-Hungary formed the Central Powers
Russia, France, Serbia, and Great Britain were called the Allies.

14. The War in Europe, 1914–1918 WWI - HOW DID IT START?
When Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, the complex alliance system in Europe drew much of the continent into the conflict.
WWI - HOW DID IT START?
e.com/watch?v=njI NCi9iIrA

15. The Road to War Assessment
What region was referred to as the “powder keg” of Europe?
The Middle East
Alsace-Lorraine
Austria-Hungary
The Balkan Peninsula
Which German leader united the German states after the 1871 Franco-Prussian War?
Otto von Bismark
Nicholas II
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Vladimir Lenin

16. The Road to War Assessment
What region was referred to as the “powder keg” of Europe?
The Middle East
Alsace-Lorraine
Austria-Hungary
The Balkan Peninsula
Which German leader united the German states after the 1871 Franco-Prussian War?
Otto von Bismark
Nicholas II
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Vladimir Lenin