1. SIKH HISTORY GURU GOBIND SINGH JI

2. The Story of India
3300 B.C.

3. History
3300 B.C. – Harappa (a region in today’s Punjab, now in Pakistan) arises in the Indus Valley Civilizations.
2000 B.C. – Migration of Greeks and European languages speakers, also known as ‘Aryans,’ to the region.
1800 B.C. – Climate change began to affect Indus Valley Civilizations.
1500 B.C. – Rig Veda is composed, other Vedas start to evolve. This period is also known as Vedic period and Iron age.

4. History
599 B.C. – Mahavira, the founder of Jainism starts practicing and preaching Jainism.
563 B.C. – Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha), the founder of Buddhism, also starts practicing and preaching Buddhism.
518 B.C. – Darius of Persia conquers Indus Valley.
500 B.C. – Mahabharata and Ramayana composed.
326 B.C. – Alexander the great, Sikandar, a Greek invader, invades Northern India.

5. History
323 B.C. – After the sudden death of Alexander, Chandragupta Maurya, leader of a rebellion group, drives out the Greek invaders.
269 B.C. – Ashoka, the third emperor of the Mauryan empire, takes over and rule for almost next 100 years. The year 261 BCE marks a turning point in Ashoka's reign when, in part to increase access to the Ganges River, he conquered the east coast kingdom of Kalinga. By Ashoka's account, more than 250,000 people were killed, made captive or later died of starvation. Feeling remorseful about this massive suffering and loss, the emperor converted to Buddhism.

6. History

7. History
100 B.C. – Trade routes are established between Mediterranean and South India. By the 70 B.C. the Indian spice trade is on the peak.
100 AD – Indian spice trade with Rome reached height.
100 AD – First Buddhist mission to China.
100 AD – Kushan Empire.
127 AD – Kanishka Rules.
300 AD – Gupta Empire.
319 AD – Chandragupta I Empire.
375 AD – Chandragupta II Empire.

8. History 600 AD – Islam introduced to India by Muslim traders.
871 AD – Cholan Empire Rises.
997 AD – Mahmud Ghazni, an Islamic dynasty centered in the Afghan city of Ghazni, rules Northern India.
1193 AD – Followed by Mahmud Gazhni other Mughal Emperor start making their way to India. Qutbub-Din-Aybak set up the Delhi Sultanat, and builds Qutub Minar. Delhi Sultanat flourishes under Qutub-Din-Aybak and his successors till In 1526 Babar invades India and takes over the Delhi Sultanat. This is where the story of Sikhism starts in 1469 with the birth of Guru Nanak.

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10. History

11. History Islamic Rulers Brahmin Shoedra Khatri Vaish Heads All
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12. History

13. History

14. History

15. Guru Nanak

16. Social Developments
Rejection of Caste System
Rejection of Rituals
Equality for all
Equality for women
Exposure of hypocrisy
Political Developments
Challenging the current Regime
Laying foundation of a new school of thought, a new system, and a new way of life.

17. Guru Angad

18. Social Developments
Education for kids
Formalization of Gurmukhi Script
Recitation of Japji for all.
Political Developments
Challenging the current Regime.
Breaking the norms of ‘education rights for higher caste only’.

19. Guru Amar Das

20. Social Developments
Formalization of Pangat
Opposed wearing of veils (Purdah).
Opposed the practice of Sati.
Established 146 missionaries, including 52 women.
Developed the biggest center of Sikhism.
Political Developments
Challenged the current system and practices.
Broke all the norms of inequality.

21. Guru Ram Das

22. Social Developments
First Guru who was formerly considered ‘lower caste.’
Composed 4 Lawaan (verses) in Soohee Raag, which were later used in the ceremony of Anand Kaaraj.
Composed 688 hymns, which are included in Guru Granth Sahib.
Political Developments
Established the biggest business center for Sikhs.

23. Guru Arjan

24. 1604

25. 1606

26. Social Developments
Composed Adi Granth.
Composed 2218 hymns in total, which include Sukhmani Sahib, commonly recited Bani by Sikhs besides Nitnem.
Shaheedan Day Sirtaaj
Political Developments
Jahagir, the ruler of the time felt threatened by the growth of the panth, and indirectly have Guru Sahib arrested and eventually martyred.

27. Guru Hargobind

28. 1606

29. Social Developments
Establishment of Miri-Piri (Saint-Soldier) Concept
Empowering Sikhs with arms and bani
Social justice system, resolving issues without going to a Mughal court
Political Developments
Establishment of Akal Takht
Successful challenge to the current regime
Building of an army, building of a State within a State

30. Guru Teg Bahadur

31. Social Developments
Set up of missionaries
Establishment of Anandpur Sahib, the forth largest center for Sikhs
Recognized and stood up for freedom to practice any faith.
Political Developments
Became the second Sikh guru to be martyred.
Titled as Teg Bahadur, Dharam Dee Chaadur
Peacefully challenged the regime

32. Guru Gobind Singh

33. Highlights 1666 – Born to Guru Teg Bahadur Ji and Mata Gujri Ji.
1675 – Sends Guru Teg Bahadur Ji to sacrifice his life to save the Kashmiri Pandits’ faith.
1676– Receives Gurgaddi.
1685 – Establishes Paunta Sahib at the banks of River Yamuna. Appointed 52 poets, artist and scholars.
1698 – Issues directions to all the Sikhs not to acknowledge the Masands (the local ministers). He had heard many complaints about them by that time.
On the day of Vaisakhi, initiation of Khalsa Panth takes place.

34. Highlights

35. Highlights
1700 – Alarmed by the strength of Khalsa Panth the neighboring hills chielfs collectively attack Anandpur Sahib, but face a heavy loss.
1704 – Joined by the Mughal army they once again attack Anandpur Sahib. After failing to enter the fort, they surround the area and lock it after cutting the supply lines. This continues for several months.
1705 – When Mughal soldiers become frustrated with the situation they start negotiating that we will give you all a safe passage and in return we just want you to pick up your belongings and leave Anandpur. Guru Sahib knew they couldn’t be trusted, so no deal is made.

36. Highlights
1705 – In December, a deal is negotiated through false promises by Mughals and the hills chiefs. Guru Sahib and all the Sikhs leave the fort. Soon after Mughals break their promises and a full scale attack takes place between Mughal army of 10 Lakhs (1 Million) and only a handful Sikhs on the other side.
At the Sirsa river a major battle takes place. In the chaos Mata Gujri Ji and the younger Sahibzaday, Baba Zorawar Singh Ji and Baba Fateh Singh Ji, separates from the rest.
Many Sikhs achieve martydom while battling with Mughals. Guru Sahib, Panj Piaray, the elder Sahibzaday, Baba Ajit Singh Ji and Baba Jujhar Singh Ji, with about 40 Sikhs find their way to Chamkaur, where they take shelter in a Kachi Garhi (house made of mud).

37. Highlights
1705 – Soon after the Mughal army reaches at Chamkaur and surround the Garhi.
With Guru Sahib’s Hukam (order) a Jatha (group) of 5 Sikhs start going out at a time, kill 100s of Mughal soldiers and become martyrs.
In a such Jatha Baba Ajit Singh Ji also join the rest and leave for the battlefield. After killing 100s of soldiers he becomes martyr.
Following his elder brother’s lead, Baba Jujhar Singh also joins the next Jatha. Similarly after killing 100s of Mughal soldiers becomes martyr.
After this, seeing the number of Sikhs reduce to 8-10 only, Panj Piayare collectively order Guru Gobind Singh Ji to leave the Garhi.

38. Highlights
1705 – While elder Sahibzaaday become martyrs at Chamkaur, the younger Sahibzaaday and Mata Gujri Ji are turned in to the Mughal authorites by one of their loyal servant.
After all the attempts of converting the younger Sahibzaaday to Islam fail they are punished to be bricked alive. Mata Gujri Ji leaves her physical body and become martyr in the cold tower right after younger Sahibzaaday become martyr.
Guru Gobind Singh Ji, after leaving from Chamkaur, passing through the Machhiwara Jungles, going through Mukatsar, reaches Sabo Ki Talwandi, now known as Damdama Sahib.
Guru Sahib spends almost 9 months here and with the help of Bhai Mani Singh Ji and Baba Deep Singh Ji rewrite Guru Granth Sahib from his memory. He also adds Guru Teg Bahadur Ji’s Gurbani and make it complete version as we know Guru Granth Sahib today.

39. Highlights

40. Highlights
1706 – Guru Sahib sends a letter of victory, Zaffarnama, to Aurangzeb. It is the first hand account of these battles since Guru Sahib make him realize that even though you think you are very religious person, but look what your people, under your command, did to us.
Embarrassed by Zafarnama, Aurangzeb invites Guru Sahib. Guru Sahib, along with some Sikhs meet Aurangzeb in Delhi and remain on good terms after that. Even though the plans are made to go on a hunting tour together, Guru Sahib excuses himself from the plan and continue to Nanderh, Maharashtra, South of India.
Every event after this happens like Guru Sahib has a mission in hand and only a few days to achieve it.

41. Highlights
1707 – On his way to Nanderh, Guru Sahib makes a trip to Madho Das Bairagi’s house, who is a Bairagi cults’ leader, and a magician. He immediately becomes his disciple and follows Guru Sahib to Nanderh.
Guru Sahib appoints him as the commander of Khalsa fauj, gives him 5 arrows, 5 Singhs, a Nagara (war drum), and few order for Sikh Sangat, and ask him to go to Punjab and settle the account with Mughals.
1708 – Two Pathaans, who join Guru Sahib’s army as loyal soldiers, one day attack him when he is meditating. Guru Sahib immediately defends himself and kill one of them right there, while other one is killed by Sikhs outside his tent. In this attack Guru Sahib is stabbed and receives a deep wound in his stomach.

42. Highlights
1708 – He is given the stiches and initial treatment, but a little while later, while fixing his box, his stiches are stretched and because of that he becomes Joti Jot. Before leaving for the heavenly world he appoints Guru Granth Sahib as the next living spiritual Guru for Sikhs. He appoints the Panth Khalsa (an embodiment of collective Sangat) as the decision making authority for all Panthic matters.
1708 – Baba Banda Singh Bahadur, after receiving all the blessings from Guru Sahib, gathers a huge Sikh army, battles with Sirhind’s governor, who was responsible for martyrdom of Sahibzaaday, Mata Gujri Ji and countless Sikhs. After winning the cities of Sirhind and Samana, he establishes the Sikh Raaj in the area.

43. Social Developments
Completion of Guru Nanak’s vision, a Khalsa is born, who is a Saint-Soldier, who has courage of a soldier, but wisdom of a saint.
Political Developments
Mughal Empire is shaken down and eventually completely destroyed. Khalsa establishes Sikh Raaj in the North, Marathas take charge of the South, while British start creeping in from both sides to become the next rulers.