1. The Periodic Table
Dmitri Mendeleev – credited for the first periodic table in 1869.
He had put element names and a few of their properties on cards and then arranged them in various ways to help his students learn them more easily.
Arranged them so elements in the same column have similar properties.

2. Periodic
Table
Song
Element Images

3. The Periodic Table

4. Alkali: Group 1* very reactive
Alkaline: Group 2
Boron Family: Group 13
Carbon Family: Group 14
Nitrogen Family: Group 15
Oxygen Family: Group 16
Halogens: Group 17
Noble Gases: Group 18

5. Regions of the periodic table
What do we already know about some of the elements?
List some chemical and physical properties for the following
Nitrogen
Iodine
Helium
Silicon
Magnesium
Iron
Copper
Carbon

6. Reading the periodic table
Groups or families – vertical columns
Periods – horizontal rows

7. Metals
The largest region of the periodic table is made of metals. Metals all have similar properties such as:
Good conductors of electricity and heat
Useful in technology
Lustrous
Ductile
Malleable.
Examples: Silver, Mercury, Titanium
Titanium

8. Non-Metals Second largest region in periodic table
Poor conductors of electricity and heat
Most are gasses or brittle solids at room temperature
Examples: Iodine, Phosphorus, Carbon

9. Metalloids Have properties of metals AND nonmetals
Used in semi-conducting devices because it has moderate electrical conductivity
Examples: Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic
Silicon

10. Noble Gases Very unreactive or inert
Rarely form compounds with other elements
Can sometimes be used for lighting
Examples: Krypton, Neon, Helium
Krypton

11. Trends in reactivity
What trends would be predicted for the reaction of the alkali metals with air or water?
Are the reactions going to be similar or different?

12. Lab- Mendeleev for a Day
Read Lab and Complete the Pre lab Questions
Review Procedures
Just a reminder
You must wear goggles at all times or you will be asked to leave the lab ~ aprons are optional
Put substances in the appropriate waste containers that are in the hood
Test Solution A- Has Lead in it!!!!
Keep an eye on each other to make sure you are obeying all safety rules.

13. Discuss Lab Mendeleev for a Day
Based on your observations, group the unknown solutions into families according to similar chemical behavior. Justify your answer with data from the investigation.

14. Lab Discussion Unknown A- ppt? b-ppt? C-color D- dissolved 1 2 3 4 5 67 8 9

15. Lab Discussion Unknown A- ppt? b-ppt? C-color D- dissolved 1 NaBr
2 Ca(NO3)2
3 Li2CO3
4 Ba(NO3)2
5 NaI
6 K2CO3
7 NaCl
8 Na2CO3
9 Sr(NO3)2

16. Homework
Atomic Structure continued
Both sides parts a-d

17. Periodic Trends

18. Periodic Trends Atomic radius
The distance from the center of an atoms nucleus to it’s outermost electron
Measure of atomic size

19. Periodic Trends Graph the first 20 elements
Periodic Trends Graph the first 20 elements. What is the trend down a group? Across a Period?
Atomic radius

20. Periodic Trends Ionic Size
Size of an atom when electrons are added or removed.
Electrons removed atom becomes smaller.
Electrons added atoms become larger

21. Periodic Trends Graph the first 20 elements
Periodic Trends Graph the first 20 elements. What is the trend down a group? Across a Period?
Ionic Size

22. Periodic Trends Ionization Energy
Energy needed to remove one of the electrons on an atom’s outer shell.
How strongly does an atom hold it’s outermost electron.

23. Periodic Trends Graph the first 20 elements
Periodic Trends Graph the first 20 elements. What is the trend down a group? Across a Period?
Ionization Energy

24. Periodic Trends Electronegativity
Ability of an atom to attract electrons
Which elements want electrons the most?

25. Periodic Trends Graph the first 20 elements
Periodic Trends Graph the first 20 elements. What is the trend down a group? Across a Period?
Electronegativity

26. Metal/NonMetal Trends

27. Group and Period Trends
Why?
Group and Period Trends

28. Bohr Diagrams
Lithium
Draw Bohr Diagrams to complete Group I and Period 2.

29. Atomic Radius Group Trend Period Trend Increases from top to bottom
More energy levels or quantum levels as you go down a group – atomic radius increases
Period Trend
Increases from right to left
All electrons in the same energy level. Increased # of protons holds them closer to nucleus.

30. Ionic Size Group Trend Period Trend Increases from top to bottom
More energy levels as you go down a group – ionic size increases
Period Trend
Decreases as atoms lose more electrons, increases dramatically as atoms start gaining electrons, decreases as atoms gain fewer electrons.

31. Ionization Energy Group Trends Period Trend
Increases from bottom to top.
The closer outer shell electrons are to the nucleus the harder they are to remove.
Period Trend
Increases from left to right.
The more electrons in the outer shell the harder it is to remove one.

32. Electronegativity Group Trend Period Trend
Increases from bottom to top
The closer the outer shell electrons are to the nucleus the more they want electrons
Period Trend
Increases from left to right
The more electrons in the outer shell (up to 7) the more the atom wants electrons

33. Practice Se and Br P, S, Se Cl, Cl1-, Br, Br1- Mg, Mg2+, Na, Na1+
Smallest atom
Lowest Ionization Energy
P, S, Se
Largest atom
Highest Ionization Energy
Cl, Cl1-, Br, Br1-
Largest ionic size
Mg, Mg2+, Na, Na1+
Smallest ionic size

34. Rally Table

35. Electron Configurations and Periodic Trends
Write the electron configuration and draw an orbital diagram for each element
Order each group of elements or ions based on given data for each property requested on card
Use the orbital diagrams to explain the pattern. (does it agree with the “trend”)

36. Objectives Use the periodic table to write electron configurations
Use the periodic table to obtain information about the properties of elements