1. Organizational communication
Miss Samah Ishtieh

2. Communication process
Communication as “the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, by speech, signals, writing, or behavior.” Communication can also occur on at least two levels: verbal and nonverbal. Thus, whenever two or more people are aware of each other, communication begins.
Miss Samah Ishtieh
5/7/2018

3. Organizational communication
The exchange of idea, information, facts, believes, attitude between two or more individuals through shared system of symbol.
Symbols should have the same meaning for both the sender and the receiver. Words means different things to different people so words should be supplemented with non verbal clue.
Communication: It is a process of meaningful interaction among persons resulting in meanings being perceived and understanding affected among such persons.
Miss Samah Ishtieh
5/7/2018

4. Because communication is so complex, many models exist to explain how organizations and individuals communicate.
Basic elements common to most models as in all communication, there is at least one sender, one receiver, and one message.
There is also a mode or medium through which the message is sent—for example, spoken, written, or nonverbal.
Miss Samah Ishtieh
5/7/2018

5. Communication process
Written
Nonverbal
Verbal
Massage
Encode
Medium
Decode
Internal External
Climate Climate
Sender Receiver
Feedback
Internal External
Climate Climate
Miss Samah Ishtieh
5/7/2018

6. An internal and an external climate also exist in communication.
The internal climate includes the values, feelings, temperament, and stress levels of the sender and the receiver.
Weather conditions, temperature, timing, and the organizational climate itself are parts of the external climate. The external climate also includes status, power, and authority as barriers to manager–subordinate communication
Miss Samah Ishtieh
5/7/2018

7. Encoding: translating internal thought patterns into a language or code the intended receiver of message will likely understand and/or pay attention to. Choice of words, gestures, or other symbols for encoding depends on the nature of the message.
Medium: face to face conversations, telephone, , letters, meetings, etc……
Decoding: successful decoding depends on the receiver having a willingness to received message.
Knowledge of the language and terminology used in the message. An understanding of the sender’s purpose and background situation.
Miss Samah Ishtieh
5/7/2018

8. Feedback may lead to the following:
1- Increase productivity
2- Decrease productivity
3- Increase tension
4- Increase conflict
Miss Samah Ishtieh
5/7/2018

9. Characteristics of effective feedback
Objective
Realistic
Helpful
Descriptive than general
Well timed
Not overwhelmed
Differences in gender, power, and status significantly affect the types and quality of organizational and unit- level communication.
Miss Samah Ishtieh
5/7/2018

10. Modes of communication
Verbal communication
Nonverbal communication
Miss Samah Ishtieh
5/7/2018

11. Variables affecting organizational communication
Formal organizational structure has an impact on communication. People at lower levels of the organizational hierarchy are at risk for inadequate communication from higher levels.
This occurs because of the number of levels that communication must filter through in large organizations. As the number of employees increases (particularly more than 1,000 employees), the quantity of communication generally increases; however, employees may perceive it as increasingly closed.
In large organizations, it is impossible for individual managers to communicate personally with each person or group involved in organizational decision making. Not only is spatial distance a factor but the presence of subgroups or subcultures also affects what messages are transmitted and how they are perceived.
Miss Samah Ishtieh
5/7/2018

12. A communications strategy
A communications strategy, also referred to as a communications plan, is a document that expresses the goals and methods of an organization's outreach activities, including what an organization wishes to share with the public and whom the organization is trying to reach.
Generally presented as an internal document, a communications strategy should serve as a guide for any media and public relations activities in which the organization is engaged. This guide will teach you how to write a communications strategy and how to format your plan.
Miss Samah Ishtieh
5/7/2018

13. Organizational Communication Strategies
Leader-managers must assess organizational communication. Who communicates with whom in the organization? Is the communication timely? Does communication within the formal organization concur with formal lines of authority? Are there conflicts
Leader-managers must understand the organization’s structure and recognize who will be affected by decisions. Both formal and informal communication networks need to be considered.
Communication is not a one-way channel. If other departments or disciplines will be affected by a message, the leader-manager must consult with those areas for feedback before the communication occurs.
Communication must be clear, simple, and precise. This requires the sender to adjust their language as necessary to the target audience.
Miss Samah Ishtieh
5/7/2018

14. Senders should seek feedback regarding whether their communication was accurately received. One way to do this is to ask the receiver to repeat the communication or instructions. In addition, the sender should continue follow-up communication in an effort to determine if the communication is being acted upon. The sender is responsible for ensuring that the message is understood.
Multiple communication methods should be used, when possible, if a message is important. Using a variety of communication methods in combination increases the likelihood that everyone in the organization who needs to hear the message actually will hear it.
Managers should not overwhelm subordinates with unnecessary information. Information is formal, impersonal, and unaffected by emotions, values, expectations, and perceptions.
Miss Samah Ishtieh
5/7/2018

15. Communication system
1- Chain system Leader in the middle Simple problem solving Satisfaction very low
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5/7/2018

16. 2- Y shape system In service training Head nurse Matron
Infection control
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5/7/2018

17. Y shape system Leader in the middle Faster problem solving
Accurate decision
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5/7/2018

18. 3- Circular shape No leader Distortion of information
Increase and slow decision making
High satisfaction
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5/7/2018

19. Efficient in simple problem 5- All channel communication New system
4- Wheel system
Leader satisfied
Group satisfied
Efficient in simple problem
5- All channel communication
New system
Unpredictable
Miss Samah Ishtieh
5/7/2018

20. Miss Samah Ishtieh
5/7/2018

21. Management communication systems Channels of Communication:
1- Down word communication: the manager relays information to subordinates.
Authority
Order
According to procedure manual
According to policy
Centralized system
Miss Samah Ishtieh
5/7/2018

22. Miss Samah Ishtieh
5/7/2018

23. 2- Up word communication: From superior to subordinate
Open door policies for subordinates
Lead to motivation
lead to satisfaction
3- Horizontal ( lateral) Between departments: horizontal communication, managers interact with others on the same hierarchical level as themselves who are managing different segments of the organization.
4- Diagonal (lateral but not in the same level) {May be formal } the manager interacts with personnel and managers of other departments and groups such as physicians, who are not on the same level of the organizational hierarchy. This communication is vital to the organization’s functioning.
5/7/2018

24. The most informal communication network is often called the grapevine
The most informal communication network is often called the grapevine. Grapevine communication flows quickly and haphazardly among people at all hierarchical levels and usually involves three or four people at a time. Senders have little accountability for the message, and often the message becomes distorted as it speeds along.
Effective leaders are congruent in their verbal and nonverbal communication so that followers are clear about the messages they receive.
Miss Samah Ishtieh
5/7/2018

25. Styles of communication
Adult Open, objective, helpful, and respective
Parents Advising and direction
Child Defensive feeling
Miss Samah Ishtieh
5/7/2018

26. Common barriers for communication
1- Semantic problems Words grammar and language problems
2- Physical problems
Overload information
Noise distraction
Hearing and speech
Miss Samah Ishtieh
5/7/2018

27. Preconceived ideas or believes Domination (الهيمنة )
3- Social problems
Preconceived ideas or believes
Domination (الهيمنة )
Expression of personal feeling and opinions
Language
Affection
Trust
Fear
Miss Samah Ishtieh
5/7/2018

28. Method of Communication Advantages Disadvantages
The common communication methods and their advantages and disadvantages
Method of Communication
Advantages
Disadvantages
Face-to-face conversations
Non-verbal communication
Feedback can be instant
Misunderstandings can be clarified immediately
Not always possible
Can be expensive to get people from different locations together
Telephone call
Quick
Cost effective
Feedback can be gained immediately
No non-verbal communication
Easy to be distracted when on the phone
Person may take the call when they are not in a position to talk
Meetings
Many people receive the message at the same time
Opportunity for feedback
Opportunity for discussion
Some people may dominate discussions
Agendas or meeting objectives may not be clear
Expensive to get people from different locations together

29. Reports and submissions
Method of Communication
Advantages
Disadvantages
Letters
Have written record of the communication
Can be confidential
Slow — not good for urgent issues
Feedback is not instant
Restricted in the amount of information that can be sent
Requires sound writing skills
Reports and submissions
Excellent for reporting findings or making recommendations that require action
Can deal with complex information
Written record of what is being communicated
More formal documents useful for legal purposes
Time consuming to read
Feedback is limited
Often slow to produce
Difficult to change
Can be restricted to only certain people and not everyone who needs the information will necessarily get it

30.
What is Organizational Communication?
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Miss Samah Ishtieh
5/7/2018