1. COMMUNICATION
Communication is the transmission of a message from a sender to a receiver, which is understood by the sender as the receiver had intended
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2. Why study Communication?
We live in a competitive world where effective writing and presenting skills are a strong competitive edge.
Society and professionalism demands effective communicators.
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3. Communication Process Model
SENDER
RECEIVER
SENDS MESSAGE
ACKNOWLEDGES RECEIPT OF MESSAGE
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4. Three Models of the Communication process:
Dances Helical Model 1967
(ref. Pinner 1999 pp3)
Interpersonal communication
Ending & receiving is spiraled
Feedback from one communicator to another
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5. Interaction Model (1975)
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6. The Interaction Model – Source of information/sender
Transmitter – device used to send message
Signals – both from sender and receiver
Noise – any disruption whether internal or external
Receiver – recipient of message
Destination – ultimate goal or action
Feedback – most important is the response
Two-way activity
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7. The Shannon-Weaver Model (Linear Model 1950s)
Common to that of Interaction Model lacks feedback
More of a one-way communication activity
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8. Transactional Model
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9. In the Transaction Model emphasis is on the message
Sender and receiver are symbolized as Communicators
Encode – select appropriate language
Medium – channel or route selected
Receive & Interpret – understand the language and message
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10. Communication Directions
Vertical
Diagonal
Horizontal
Vertical : Upward –
Performance Appraisals
Attitudes
Reports
Suggestions
Vertical : Downward –
Policies
Procedures
Job Instructions
Feedback
Horizontal :
Task coordination
Conflict resolution
Sharing information
Diagonal :
Crossing parameters
Inter-departmental
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11. Communication governed by social situations
Each person has a role to play in any given social situation
This is guided by the status the role holds and therefore rules.
These govern the person in communicating in each given situation
ROLES
YOURSELF
STATUS
RULES
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12. Levels of Communication
Intrapersonal: within yourself – thinking
Interpersonal: 2 way, face to face e.g. conversations, discussions
Mediated: 2 way, not face to face e.g. telephone, letter, report
Person to group: 1 way, face to face e.g. lecture, sermon, giving a speech
Mass communication: 1 way, not face to face e.g. print, electronic media.
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13. Communication Networks
Affected by:
Number of people involved
Complexity of the message
Volume and urgency of message
Confidentiality of material
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14. Communication NetworksB C B A A D D E E
Star network
Most efficient
Fewer errors made
Less time needed
T-shaped network
Centralised leadership
Only A has high morale
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15. Communication Networks
A B
C D E
A B C
E D
Circular
Chain
No definite leader
Leadership rotates
High morale
Independent action and self expression
Best in changing environment
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16. Communication NetworksG A F C B D H I E J
Random/Grapevine networks carry rumor and some accurate information.
They operate at very high speed but can give rise to distortions and
Many heartaches.
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17. Conclusion:
Communication is a vital skill in surviving in the workplace
Ability to send clear effective messages
To understand & interpret messages
Be able to act on messages
Gives you the edge in being an effective communicator.
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