1. 2
Incidence
SABER
This module presents statistics from Chapter 2: Incidence
Ontario Cancer Statistics Chapter 2: Incidence

2. Incidence Overview
85,648 new cases of cancer expected to be diagnosed in 2016 (569.9 per 100,000)
Males: per 100,000
Females: per 100,000
88.4% of all cases will be diagnosed in people over the age of 50
19.2% in people aged 80 and older
SABER
In 2016, we project that over 85 thousand new cases of cancer will be diagnosed in Ontario resulting in an age-standardized rate of new cases per 100,000 people
Cancer incidence is higher in males than females
Males have an incidence rate of 614 new cases per 100,000 compared to new cases per 100,000 in females
Cancer remains a disease that primarily affects older people. Over 88% of all cases diagnosed in 2016 will occur in people aged 50 and older and over 19% will occur in people aged 80 and older
Ontario Cancer Statistics Chapter 2: Incidence
Ontario Cancer Statistics Incidence

3. Probability of Developing Cancer
Approx. 1 in 2 people in Ontario will develop cancer in their lifetime
Males
Females
Prostate – 1 in 6.5
Breast – 1 in 7.8
Lung – 1 in 11.4
Lung – 1 in 13.7
Colorectal – 1 in 12.8
Colorectal – 1 in 15.1
SABER
For the first time, we are publishing Ontario-specific probabilities of developing and dying from cancer
In Ontario, approximately 1 in 2 people will develop cancer in their lifetime. Among males, the greatest risk is for prostate cancer at 1 in 6.5
Among females, the greatest risk is for breast cancer
1 in 7.8 women in Ontario will develop breast cancer in their lifetime
For both men and women the second and third greatest risks are for lung and colorectal cancer respectively
Ontario Cancer Statistics Incidence

4. Incidence by Cancer Type
Males:
Prostate (21.6%)
Lung (13.3%)
Colorectal (12.4%)
Bladder (8.9%)
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (5.3%)
Melanoma (4.4%)
Leukemia (3.4%)
Kidney (3.3%)
Oral cavity and pharynx (3.3%)
Pancreas (2.4%)
Females:
Breast (26.6%)
Lung (12.6%)
Colorectal (11.1%)
Uterus (6.5%)
Thyroid (6.5%)
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (4.2%)
Melanoma (3.5%)
Bladder (3.1%)
Ovary (3.0%)
Leukemia (2.5%)
SABER
This slide illustrates the 10 most commonly diagnosed cancers in 2012 for males and females
The most commonly diagnosed cancers in males were prostate, lung and colorectal
PAUSE
Among females, the most commonly diagnosed cancers were breast, lung and colorectal
There were a number of differences in the incidence of cancer between the sexes
For example, bladder cancer was more common in males than females
There were more than three times the number of bladder cancer cases in males than in females
This difference may be the result of males having a greater prevalence of bladder cancer risk factors including smoking and occupational exposure to certain chemicals
Ontario Cancer Statistics Incidence

5. THYROID, LIVER AND UTERINE CANCERS RISING FASTEST
Incidence Over Time
Cancer incidence rate increased since 1981 but slowed over the past two decades
Fastest rising cancers are thyroid, liver and uterine cancers
Greatest decreases have been in laryngeal, prostate and bladder cancers
THYROID, LIVER AND UTERINE CANCERS RISING FASTEST
SABER
This slide presents information on incidence trends over time.
The incidence rate for all cancers combined in Ontario has been increasing since Between 1981 and 1991 the incidence rate increased by 0.8% per year and then slowed to 0.2% per year between 1991 and 2012.
PAUSE
The fastest rising cancers over the past 10 years have been thyroid, liver and uterine cancers.
The incidence rate for thyroid cancer increased between 1981 and 2012, with the greatest increase occurring after 1988, when the rate rose by 12.9% per year.
This increase is most likely the result of improved diagnostic technology which has allowed for the detection of subclinical tumours.
Liver cancer incidence increased by 4.5% per year between 1981 and This increase may also be the result of diagnostic improvements, as well as an increase in risk factors such as obesity.
Uterine cancer incidence increased by 4.6% per year between 2006 and This follows after a period of time when the incidence rate decreased or remained stable.
This recent increase in uterine cancer is most likely the result of a greater prevalence in the population of risk factors such as exposure to unopposed estrogen therapies, a lower number of full-term pregnancies and obesity.
Over the past 10 years, the greatest decreases in incidence have been in cancers of the larynx, prostate and bladder.
Ontario Cancer Statistics Incidence

6. Percentage of new cases
Incidence by Stage
Majority of cases diagnosed at stage I or II
Most cancers in younger people diagnosed at early stages
Breast, cervical and prostate
Colorectal cancer
Lung cancer
Stage
Percentage of new cases
Stage I
28.8%
Stage II
37.9%
Stage III
18.7%
Stage IV
20.6%
SABER
As the Ontario Cancer Registry only recently started producing stage data, data was only available for five cancer types: breast, prostate, lung, colorectal and cervix and only for the diagnosis years
The majority of cancer cases diagnosed in Ontario between 2010 and 2012 were diagnosed at stage 1 or 2. In fact, among people aged 69 and younger, the greatest proportion of cases were diagnosed at stage 1
Breast, cervical and prostate cancers were most often diagnosed at stage 1 or 2, while colorectal cancer cases were most often diagnosed at stage 2 or 3
Among the cancer types for which stage data was available, lung cancer was the most likely to be diagnosed at an advanced stage, and almost half of all lung cancer cases were diagnosed at stage 4
Ontario Cancer Statistics Incidence

7. Regional Incidence Incidence lowest: South-central Ontario LHINs
Northwestern, Peel, Toronto and York Region PHUs
Incidence highest:
North East and South East LHINs
SABER
While most of the report focuses on Ontario-wide statistics, we also looked at the incidence of cancer in the regions
Rates are presented geo-spatially in maps by LHIN and by PHU for males and females
By LHIN, cancer incidence rates in 2012 were lowest in LHINs located in south-central Ontario and highest in the North East and South East LHINs
By PHU, cancer incidence rates were lowest in the Northwestern, Peel, Toronto and York Region PHUs while the highest rates were found in various PHUs scattered throughout the province
Complete incidence counts and rates for all LHINs and PHUs are available in the report itself
Ontario Cancer Statistics Incidence