2. Chapter 5
Tissues

3. Introduction Tissue: groups of cells with similar function
Histology: study of tissues
Tissue types
Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

4. Epithelial Tissue

5. Introduction Protects underlying tissues Absorbs nutrients
Secretes hormones, mucus, enzymes
Excretes waste

6. Introduction (cont’d.)
Basement membrane: anchor
Named according to shape, arrangement, function
Cells are closely packed

7. Classification Based on Shape
Squamous: flat (protection)
Cuboidal: cube shaped (protection and secretion)
Columnar: tall and rectangular (secretion and absorption)

8. Classification Based on Shape (cont’d.)
Squamous epithelial cells
(Photo © Robert Knauft/Biology Pics/Science Source)

9. Classification Based on Shape (cont’d.)
Cuboidal epithelial cells
(Photo © Biophoto Associates/Science Source)

10. Classification Based on Shape (cont’d.)
Columnar epithelial cells
(Photo © Biophoto Associates/Science Source)

11. Classification Based on Arrangement
Simple: one cell layer
Stratified: several layers
Pseudostratified: appears to be several layers but is not
Transitional: several layers of easily stretched cells

12. Classification Based on Arrangement (cont’d.)
Pseudostratified ciliated, columnar epithelium
(Photo © Steve Gschmeissner/Science Source)

13. Classification Based on Arrangement (cont’d.)
Transitional epithelium
(Photo © Biophoto Associates/Science Source)

14. Classification Based on Function
Mucous membrane: mucus production
Exocrine glands: simple and compound
Endocrine: hormone secretion
Endothelium: lines vessels
Endocardium
Mesothelium (serous): lines great cavities

15. Connective Tissue

16. Introduction Cells with large amount of intercellular material
Matrix embedded with:
Collagen
Elastin
Subgroups: loose, dense, specialized

17. Loose Connective Tissue
Fills space between and penetrates organs
Areolar: injury repair, phagocytosis, inflammatory response
Fibroblasts, histiocytes, mast cells
Adipose: fat storage
Reticular: framework

18. Loose Connective Tissue (cont’d.)
Areolar (loose) connective tissue
(Photo © Biophoto Associates/Science Source)

19. Dense Connective Tissue
Regular arrangement
Tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses
Irregular arrangement
Muscle sheaths, joint capsules, fascia

20. Dense Connective Tissue (cont’d.)
Tendon (dense) connective tissue
(Photo © Biophoto Associates/Science Source)

21. Specialized Connective Tissue
Cartilage
Cells called chondrocytes
Found in lacunae
Types
Hyaline: ribs, nose, trachea
Fibrocartilage: intervertebral disks
Elastic: ears, auditory tubes, epiglottis

22. Specialized Connective Tissue (cont’d.)
Bone
Compact
Cancellous
Mineral salts: especially calcium and phosphorus
Teeth
Dentin
Enamel

23. Specialized Connective Tissue (cont’d.)
Bone (osseus tissue)
(Photo © Michael Ross/Science Source)

24. Specialized Connective Tissue (cont’d.)
Blood: fluid portion and formed elements
Lymphoid: antibody production and disease protection
Reticuloendothelial system: phagocytosis
Kupffer cells in liver
Macrophages
Neuroglia
Synovial: lines joints

25. Connective Tissue Functions
Support
Bones, cartilage
Nourishment
Blood
Transportation
Connection
Tendons, ligaments

26. Connective Tissue Functions (cont’d.)
Movement
Bones, tendons
Protection and insulation
Bones, blood, fat
Storage
Bone, fat
Attachment and separation
Attaches skin to muscle

27. Muscle Tissue

28. Muscle Tissue (cont’d.)
Smooth
Spindle-shaped, single nucleus
Not striated
Involuntary
Digestive tract, arteries and veins, ureters
Peristalsis

29. Muscle Tissue (cont’d.)
Smooth (nonstriated involuntary) muscle
(Photo © Biophoto Associates/Science Source)

30. Muscle Tissue (cont’d.)
Striated (skeletal)
Long thin cells
Multinucleated and striated
Actin and myosin
Voluntary
Movement by pulling on bones

31. Muscle Tissue (cont’d.)
Skeletal (striated voluntary) muscle
(Photo © Eric V. Grave/Science Source)

32. Muscle Tissue (cont’d.)
Cardiac
Only in the heart
Uninucleated and striated
Involuntary
Cylindrical shape
Connected to other cardiac muscle cells by intercalated disks

33. Muscle Tissue (cont’d.)
Cardiac muscle
(Photo © Biophoto Associates/Science Source)

34. Nervous Tissue

35. Nervous Tissue (cont’d.)
Neurons
Conducting cells
Very long: called nerve fibers
Parts
Cell body: contains nucleus
Dendrites: rootlike extensions that receive stimuli
Axons: long thin extensions that transmit impulse

36. Nervous Tissue (cont’d.)
Neuroglia: supporting cells
Nervous tissue
Makes up brain, spinal cord, and nerves
Is most highly organized tissue of the body
Controls and coordinates body activities
Allows perception
Controls emotion and reasoning
Stores memories

37. Nervous Tissue (cont’d.)
Motor neuron
(Photo © Biophoto Associates/Science Source)

38. Summary Introduced the concept of tissues and how to classify tissues
Classified epithelial tissue based on shape and arrangement
Described the three major types of connective tissue
Described the three types of muscle tissue
Discussed nervous tissue and its functions