1. English Constitutional Monarchy

2. Background
( )

3. Magna Carta, 1215
CONTRACT between king and aristocracy [list of demands by nobles]
- king forced to accept
goal  limit king’s power:
king must ask for consent to tax

4. Model Parliament, 1295
King Edward I brought his military leaders and nobility together as a Parliament to ask their consent to new taxes
Established the principle of parliamentary “power of the purse”
A radical new idea for any monarch to ask for anything!

5. The Elizabethan “Bargain”
Parliament: legislative group of commoners and nobles
power to tax
debate/amend disputed bills
Monarch:
prerogative [right/choice] on foreign policy

6. The Early Stuarts
( )

7. The Stuart Monarchy

8. James I [r. 1603-1625] wanted absolute power
disagreed w/ idea that monarch and Parliament work TOGETHER
defender of Anglican Church [Protestant]
angered Puritans [mostly rich landowners below level of nobility]
Puritan gentry formed an important and large part of the House of Commons
It was NOT WISE to alienate them!

9. Gunpowder Plot, 1605
An attempt by some provincial Catholics to kill King James I and most of the Protestant aristocracy.
Blow up the House of Lords during the state opening of Parliament.
Guy Fawkes

10. Executions of the Gunpowder Plotters

11. King James Bible, 1611

12. Charles I [r. 1625-1649] Pro-ceremonies and rituals.
Uniformity of church services imposed by a church court.
Anglican Book of Common Prayer for both England AND Scotland.
Seen as too pro-Catholic by the Puritans.

13. The Petition of Rights, 1628
needed Parliament consent to spend taxpayer £ [fought lots of wars]
to get £, Charles I agreed:
No imprisonment without due cause
No taxation without Par.’s consent
No putting soldiers in private homes
No martial law during peacetime
Charles signed it  ignored it  dissolving Parliament

14. The Civil War
( )

15. Royalists (Cavaliers) Parliamentarians (Roundheads)
Civil War ( )
Royalists (Cavaliers)
Parliamentarians (Roundheads)
House of Lords
N & W England
Aristocracy
Large landowners
Church officials
More rural
House of Commons
S & E England
Puritans
Merchants
Townspeople
More urban

16. Playskool Version of the English Civil War
Roundheads
Cavaliers

17. Oliver Cromwell [1599-1658] constitutional Parliament fails
led army  defeated royal forces [captured King Charles I]
seizes control of gov’t
- new Parliament [anti-monarchy]
King Charles put on trial
- guilty of treason  beheaded
constitutional Parliament fails
rules under martial law
Military dictator

18. Regicide  Beheading of Charles I, 1649
1st ever monarch publicly tried and executed!!!

19. The Restoration
( )
Parliament could no more exist without the Crown than the Crown without Parliament. This was the most important lesson of the English Civil War!

20. King Charles II [r. 1660-1685] Eng. want return to monarchy
- Charles II king
- end martial law
restored Anglican Church
accepted habeas corpus
no children
- succeeded by his brother

21. King Charles II [r. 1660-1685] 1673  Test Act
Parliament excluded all but Anglicans from civilian and military positions. [to the Anglican gentry, the Puritans were considered “radicals” and the Catholics were seen as “traitors!”]
1679  Habeas Corpus Act
Any unjustly imprisoned persons could obtain a writ of habeas corpus compelling the govt. to explain why he had lost his liberty.

22. King James II [r ]
Was a bigoted convert to Catholicism without any of Charles II’s shrewdness or ability to compromise.
Alienated even the Tories.
Provoked the revolution that Charles II had succeeded in avoiding!

23. King James II [r. 1685-1688] strongly supported Catholicism
angered Protestants in Parliament
Camped a standing army a few miles outside of London.
Surrounded himself with Catholic advisors & attacked Anglican control of the universities.
Claimed the power to suspend or dispense with Acts of Parliament.
1687  Declaration of Liberty of Conscience
He extended religious toleration without Parliament’s approval or support.

24. The Glorious Revolution
1688

25. The “Glorious” Revolution: 1688
Par. wants to overthrow James
offered throne jointly to James’ daughter Mary [Protestant] & her husband, William of Orange
approached London w/ an army  James fled
power exchanged w/ no fighting [“Glorious”]

26. English Bill of Rights [1689]
settled all major issues between King & Par
model for the US Bill of Rights

27. The Seesaw of King & Parliament: 1603-1689

28. English Bill of Rights [1689]
Main provisions:
The King could not suspend the operation of laws.
The King could not interfere with the ordinary course of justice.
No taxes levied or standard army maintained in peacetime without Parliament’s consent.
Freedom of speech in Parliament.
Sessions of Parliament would be held frequently.
Subjects had the right of bail, petition, and freedom from excessive fines and cruel and unusual punishment.
The monarch must be a Protestant.
Freedom from arbitrary arrest.
Censorship of the press was dropped.
Religious toleration.