1. Introduction to OpenGL (IDE: Eclipse)

2. OpenGL Overview OpenGL low-level graphics library specification
Hardware Independent
use with the C and C++ programming languages
but there are also bindings for a number of other programming languages such as Java, Tcl, Ada, and FORTRAN
Graphics primitives and attributes
points, lines, polygons, images, and bitmaps
geometric transformation
Translation, rotation, scaling, reflection
viewing transformation
viewport
Parallel/Perspective projection

3. OpenGL Overview API Hierarchy
OpenGL applications use the window system’s window, input, and event mechanism
GLU supports quadrics, NURBS, complex polygons, matrix utilities, and more
Unix System
Windows System
The OpenGL Visualization Programming Pipeline

4. Basic OpenGL Syntax OpenGL Basic Library (OpenGL Core Library)
Function name
Prefix  gl
First letter  Capital
Ex) glBegin, glClear, glCopyPixels, glPolygonMode
Constants name
Begin with the uppercase letter GL
Capital Letter
The underscore(_) is used as a seperator
Ex) GL_2D, GL_RGB, GL_CCW, GL_POLYGON, GL_AMIBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE
Data type
The remainder of the name : standard data-type (lower case)
Ex) GLbyte, GLshort, GLint, GLfloat, GLdouble, GLboolean

5. Related Libraries OpenGL Utility (GLU) Open Inventor GLU library
Setting up viewing and projection matrices
Describing complex objects
Displaying quadric and B-splines
Processing the surface-rendeing operations
Prefix  glu
Open Inventor
An Object oriented toolkit based on OpenGL
Written in C++

6. Related Libraries Display window
Window-management operation depend on the computer
OpenGL Extension to the X Window System (GLX)
Unix System (Prefix  glx)
Windows-to-OpenGL (WGL)
Microsoft Windows System (prefix  wgl)
Apple GL (AGL)
Apple System (prefix  agl)
Presentation Manager to OpenGL (PGL)
IBM OS/2 (prefix  pgl)
OpenGL Utility Toolkit (GLUT)
window system independent toolkit
Interacting with any screen-windowing system
Prefix  glut

7. Installation C/C++ & OpenGL with Eclipse
Installation Step
Setup IDE for C/C++
Install Eclipse Cpp Neon
Provide IDE(Integrated development environment) with C/C++
Install CDT (C/C++ Development Tooling) in Eclipse
Setup fully functional C and C++ IDE based on the Eclipse platform.
Install MinGW (Minimalist GNU for Windows)
Setup a GCC (GNU Compiler Collection) Compiler
Setup Preferences about MinGW in Eclipse
Test C/C++ Program
Setup OpenGL & GLUT
Setup OpenGL
Setup GLUT
Writing Your First OpenGL Program
Configure OpenGL Library (per-project)

8. Installation C/C++ with Eclipse (1/5)
Install Eclipse Cpp Neon (통합개발환경 설치)
Download Eclipse:
Eclipse IDE for C/C++ Developers
Java for Windows Missing
- install a Java Runtime Environment (JRE)    Oracle JRE 1.8.0

9. Installation C/C++ with Eclipse (2/5)
Install CDT in Eclipse (C/C++ 개발 툴 설치)
Select Menu: Help  Install New Software…

10. Installation C/C++ with Eclipse (3/5)
Install MinGW (GCC 컴파일러 설치)
Download MinGW :
Select Package in MinGW Installation Manager
mingw-developer-toolkit, mingw32-base, mingw32-gcc-g++, msys-base
Select Menu: InstallationApply Changes
Setup System Variable : Add Path “C:\MinGW\bin”

11. Installation C/C++ with Eclipse (4/5)
Setup Preferences about MinGW in Eclipse (환경 설정)
Select WindowsPreferences
C/C++New C/C++ Project WizardMakefile Project
Binary Parsers : Select GNU Elf Parser
Building Setting
Uncheck “Use default build command”
Build command: Mingw32-make.exe

12. Installation C/C++ with Eclipse (5/5)
Test C/C++ Program (C/C++ 프로그램 테스트)
Select Menu: File New  C++ Project
Toolchains: MinGW GCC
Build All (Ctrl + B)
Run (Ctrl + F11)

13. Installation OpenGL with Eclipse (1/5)
Setup OpenGL
Header files
gl.h, glu.h  C:\MinGW\include\GL
Library files
libopengl32.a, libglu32.a  C:\MinGW\lib
opengl32.lib, glu32.lib (Visual Studio의 경우)
dll files
openGL32.dll, glu32.dll
C:\Windows\System32
C:\Windows\SysWOW64
(Windows Xp 이상 운영체제에서는 자동으로 인식, 추가 안해도 됨)

14. Installation OpenGL with Eclipse (2/5)
Setup GLUT
Download GLUT
glutdlls37beta.zip
GLUT for Win32 dll, lib and header file
glut37.zip
GLUT source code distribution
Glut bin.zip
glut.h  C:\MinGW\include\GL
glut32.lib  C:\MinGW\lib
glut32.dll  C:\MinGW\bin
동작 안할 경우  C:\Windows\system32, C:\Windows\SysWOW64
glutdlls37beta.zip

15. Installation OpenGL with Eclipse (3/5)
Writing Your First OpenGL Program
Launch Eclipse
Create a new C++ project
Select "File" menu  New  C++ Project
Project name : HelloGL
Project type : Executable  Empty Project
Toolchain: MinGW GCC

16. Installation OpenGL with Eclipse (4/5)
Create a new Source file
Right-click on the project node “HelloGL”
New  Source file : “TestGL.cpp”
In "Source file", enter “TestGL.cpp" ⇒ Finish.
In the editor panel for “TestGL.cpp", type the source codes
* NOTE: For Windows, you should include "windows.h" header before the OpenGL headers

17. Installation OpenGL with Eclipse (5/5)
Setup OpenGL Library
Properties : C/C++ Build Settings
Tool Setting Tab : MinGW C++ Linker  Libraries
Add Libraries(-l) : glut32 , glu32 , opengl32
Build All (Ctrl + B), Run (Ctrl + F11)

18. Header file Include the header files
GLUT to handle the window-managing operation
#include <GL/glut.h> // GLUT, includes glu.h and gl.h
OpenGL core library
#include <GL/gl.h>
OpenGL Utility
#include <GL/glu.h>
Required by the C++ code
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>

19. Display-Window Management Using GLUT
Getting Started
GLUT initialization
glutInit (&argc, argv);
Buffering and color modes for the display window
glutInitDisplayMode (GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB)
Window position & size
glutInitWindowPosition(50, 100);
glutInitWindowSize(400, 300);
A display window is to be created on the screen
glutCreateWindow(“An Example OpenGL Program”);
Specify what the display window is to contain
glutDisplayFunc(lineSegment);
Describing a line segment in a procedure called lineSegment
All display windows activate
glutMainLoop();

20. A Complete OpenGL Program
Set background color
glClearColor (1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0);
1~3 argument : red, green, blue colors (between 0.0 and 1.0)
Forth parameter : alpha value
Activate the OpenGL blending operations
0.0  totally transparent object
1.0  an opaque object
Assigned window color display
glClear (GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
Color buffer (refresh buffer) that are to be set to the values indicated in the glClearColor function
Set object color
glColor3f (1.0, 0.0, 1.0);

21. A Complete OpenGL Program
Display a 2D line segment
Orthogonal Projection
glMatrixModel(GL_PROJECTION);
gluOrtho2D (0.0, , 0.0, )
Map 2D retangular area of world coordinates to the screen
Lower-left window corner (0.0,0.0)
Upper-right window corner (200.0, 150.0)
Create line segment
glBegin (GL_LINES);
glVertex2i (180, 15);
glVertex2i (10, 145);
glEnd();

22. OpenGL Command Formats
glVertex3fv( v )
Number of
components
Data Type
Vector
b - byte
ub - unsigned byte
s - short
us - unsigned short
i - int
ui - unsigned int
f - float
d - double
omit “v” for
scalar form
glVertex2f( x, y )
2 - (x,y)
3 - (x,y,z)
4 - (x,y,z,w)
The OpenGL API calls are designed to accept almost any basic data type, which is reflected in the calls name. Knowing how the calls are structured makes it easy to determine which call should be used for a particular data format and size.
For instance, vertices from most commercial models are stored as three component floating point vectors. As such, the appropriate OpenGL command to use is glVertex3fv( coords ).
As mentioned before, OpenGL uses homogenous coordinates to specify vertices. For glVertex*() calls which don’t specify all the coordinates ( i.e. glVertex2f()), OpenGL will default z = 0.0, and w = 1.0 .

23. OpenGL Geometric Primitives
All geometric primitives are specified by vertices
glBegin(mode) and glEnd() and a list of vertices in between
glBegin(mode)
glVertex(v0);
glVertex(v1);
...
glEnd();
Every OpenGL geometric primitive is specified by its vertices, which are homogenous coordinates. Homogenous coordinates are of the form ( x, y, z, w ). Depending on how vertices are organized, OpenGL can render any of the shown primitives.

24. #include <windows.h> // For MS Windows
#include <GL/glut.h> // GLUT, includes glu.h and gl.h
void init (void) {
glClearColor (1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0); // Set display-window color to white.
glMatrixMode (GL_PROJECTION); // Set projection parameters.
gluOrtho2D (0.0, 200.0, 0.0, 150.0); }
void lineSegment (void) {
glClear (GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); // Clear display window.
glColor3f (1.0, 0.0, 0.0); // Set line segment color to red.
glBegin (GL_LINES);
glVertex2i (180, 15); // Specify line-segment geometry.
glVertex2i (10, 145);
glEnd ( );
glFlush ( ); // Process all OpenGL routines as quickly as possible.
int main (int argc, char** argv) {
glutInit (&argc, argv); // Initialize GLUT.
glutInitDisplayMode (GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB); // Set display mode.
glutInitWindowPosition (50, 100); // Set top-left display-window position.
glutInitWindowSize (400, 300); // Set display-window width and height.
glutCreateWindow ("An Example OpenGL Program"); // Create display window.
init ( ); // Execute initialization procedure.
glutDisplayFunc (lineSegment); // Send graphics to display window.
glutMainLoop ( ); // Display everything and wait.
return 0;

25. Project 1 Build Project 1 Download example1 C source
Right-click on the project node
Import  General  File System
Add Existing files from “example1” folder