1. Chapter Three

2. Section 1- Making Consumer Choices
Learning about about available health products and services and understanding how to judge their effectiveness and reliability will help you become an informed HEALTH CONSUMER anyone who purchases or uses health products or services

3. Influences on Your Decisions
Internal factors like habits and personal taste can play a role. External factors that influence you is the MEDIA various methods of communication in purchasing a product or service TV, radio, newspapers, magazines, and the internet are all examples.

4. ADVERTISING
ADVERTISING a written or spoken media message designed to interest consumers in purchasing a product or service. It helps you make your purchasing decisions. But the primary purpose of advertising is to make you want to buy the featured product. Techniques used for advertising

5. TYPES OF ADVERTISING
Bandwagon- EX: groups of people using a product or service. HM: Everyone is using it, you should too

6. TYPES OF ADVERTISING
Rich and Famous- EX: product displayed in expensive home. HM: it will make you feel rich and famous

7. TYPES OF ADVERTISING
Free Gifts- EX: redeemable coupons for merchandise. HM: too good of deal to pass up. 

8. TYPES OF ADVERTISING
Great Outdoors- EX: scene of nature. HM: if its associated with nature it must be healthy

9. TYPES OF ADVERTISING
Good Times- EX: people smiling and laughing HM: this product will add fun to your life.

10. TYPES OF ADVERTISING
Testimonial- EX: people for whom a product has worked HM: if worked for them so it will work for you too

11. Comparing Choices
Keep in mind that some advertising info may be misleading considering the point is just to persuade you. 
Comparison Shopping- a method of judging the benefits of different products by comparing several factors, such as qualities, features, and cost.

12. Comparing Choices
Cost: decide on a price range and compare prices from different stores
Features: Decide what is important to you
Quality: well made products should have better performance. Cheap one are not a bargain if they fall apart

13. Comparing Choices
Warranty- a company's or a store's written agreement to repair a product or refund your money should the product not function properly Make sure you read the fine print and understand the warranty before buying the product
Safety: is especially important when choosing sports, recreation, or home safety products

14. Safety
Safety: is especially important when choosing sports, recreation, or home safety products
Underwrites Laboratory (UL) product safety testing and certification organization. the UL sticker on thing (fire extinguishers, appliances) states it has passed strict inspection
Snell, and American National Standard Institute (ANSI) monitor safety standards for helmets and other safety equipment. Look for their stickers

15. Recommendations
Recommendations: talk to people who have already used the product.
The Consumer Union tests products independently

16. Product Labels
One way to compare products is to compare labels. Important info includes the products name, intended use, directions for use, precautions and warnings, manufactures info, and the amount in The container. Most labels have the ingredients listed by weight in descending order. The label will also say the active ingredients- ones that make the product work. 

17. Your Consumer Rights
Right to choose- to select from any products at different prices
Right to safety- products that will not harm you or others
Right to be informed- to truthful info about the product and services

18. Your Consumer Rights
Right to be heard- to join in the making of laws that govern buying and selling
Right to have your problem corrected- seek compensation when you have been treated unfairly
Right to consumer education-to learn the skills necessary to help you make wise choices

19. Today's Consumer Choices
Online Shopping- using the Internet to buy products and services. Some points to consider when online shopping
Price- online shopping is sometimes cheaper. But you have shipping

20. Today's Consumer Choices
Convenience- Items are delivered directly to your door. sometimes convenience outweighs potential problems of repackaging and mailing items that may need to be returned.
Product information- online descriptions provide only limited information about a product, you can only look at a picture, not try it on and examine it.

21. Today's Consumer Choices
If you purchase a product online you should consider some safety steps.
Get permission from a parent, make sure the site is secure, check the organization return policy, and write down any confirmation numbers or other information related to your purchase.
you will need these numbers if problems come up.

22. related to your purchase
related to your purchase. you will need these numbers if problems come up. Section 2 Choosing Community Health Services
Health care system- all the medical care available to a notion's people, the way they receive care, and the method of payment.

23. General care
General care includes Primary care physicians- medical doctors who provide physical check ups and general care. EX: school nurses, dentists, family doctors.
Specialist- medical doctors trained to handle particular kinds of patients or medical conditions. EX: allergist, orthodontist, psychiatrist, dermatologist. When you see a doctor for a check up you are taking.

24. Preventative care
Preventative care- actions that prevent the onset of disease or injury

25. Health care Facilities for health care services
Impatient care requires the patient to stay at the facility overnight and the patient has a serious illness or disease.
Outpatient care allows the patient to be treated and return home the same day.

26. Health Care
•Private practice-physicians work for themselves. They are seen on an outpatient requirement
•Clinics- physicians may provide outpatient care in a community clinic rather than an office.
•Group Practice- many doctors share and office space, equipment, and support staff. Otherwise they function in the same matter as those in private practice

27. Medical Care
•Hospitals- They generally off both inpatient and outpatient care. some physicians work at hospitals.
•Emergency Rooms- within most hospitals, they provide care required for potentially life threatening diseases or injury
•Urgent Care Centers- staffed by primary care physicians, they usually handle emergencies the are not life threatening. People go here if their primary care physician is unavailable or they don't have one.

28. How People Pay for Health Services
Health care can be expensive so many people have Health Insurance- plan in which private companies or government programs pay for part or all of a person's medical costs. You pay a premium every month.
conventional insurance plans the insured person pays for doctor visits out-of-pocket, which means the patient has to pay for it.
Then the insurance reimburses the person for the company's fixed potion, usually 80%.
Most insurance plans people have to pay a deductible which is what the person has to pay before the benefits come into effect.

29. Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)
Managed care plan insurance emphasizes prevention in order to reduce costs. Some types:
Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) members pay a monthly premium but receive most or all medical services with few or no out of pocket expenses.
Some require a small co payment for an office visit. Usually members can see only doctors who have signed the HMO contract.

30. Health Insurance

31. Health Insurance

32. Preferred Provider Organization (PPOs)
Preferred Provider Organization (PPOs)they medical provider that connects with the PPOs agree to charge the organization less their regular fee for the member usage.
Members pay a monthly premium to use providers in the plan but they can choose a provider outside the plan but it will cost more

33. Points of Service (POS)
Points of Service (POS) plans- members can choose providers insider or outside the plan. Choosing on outside will have higher premium and more out of pocket owed.

34. Health Care Services Current trends:
•Birthing Centers- usually less expensive then hospitals, home and family setting, only for low risk pregnancies
•Drug Treatment Centers- drug and alcohol problems, outside of hospital.

35. Health Care Services
•Continuing Care and assistive living centers- many older adults benefit, they have short and long term care. like nursing homes
•Hospices- provide care for terminal illness, workers specialize in emotional support too
•Telemedicine- practice where a doctor far away can be brought into an operating room by technology like Skype

36. Section 3 Managing Consumer Problems
Problems with Products
some things can be returned to the store other have to be returned to the manufacturer.
If the product is truly defective you must decide if you want money or a new one back.
When returning the letter write a letter and ship it back to the manufacturer.

37. Health Fraud
Fraud is deliberate deceit or trickery. Some people use fraud to sell defective products.
Health Fraud is the sale of worthless products or services that claim to prevent diseases or cure other health problems.

38. Fraudulent Products certain types or products are notorious for fraud:
•Weight-loss products-pills, diets, fad diets, and exercise diet the claim to lose weight. Weight loss is only effective through healthy eating and exercise.
•Beauty and anti-aging products-
tooth whiteners, face creams, and hair products may offer temporary results but not permanent products not approved by the FDA may harm you.

39. Fraudulent Claims There are clinics that offer miracle treatments.
Such as taking the peach pit and using it to cure cancer is fraud.
You should always check with healthcare provider.
Healthcare providers can be guilty of Malpractice.
Malpractice is the failure by a health professional to meet the accepted standards. You may need to switch providers. always get second opinions on major concerns.

40. Methods for addressing consumer problems
Business Organization- such as the Better Business Bureau (BBB) to deal with complaints with a local merchant. The core services of the BBB include dispute resolution and truth-in-advertising complaints.

41. Consumer Advocates
Consumer Advocates, people or groups whose sole purpose is to take on regional, national, and even international consumer issues.
Groups like the Consumer Union test products, inform the public, and play a role in protecting consumers when problems arise.
Others work to expose fraud and teach consumers about their rights and responsibilities.

42. Agencies
Local, State, and Federal government agencies- ensure the consumers rights are protected.
The federal government has established a number of specialized agencies that deal with health-related products and services.

43. Federal Trade Commission
The Federal Trade Commission works to prevent false or deceptive advertising.

44. Food and Drug Administration
The Food and Drug Administration ensures that medicines are safe, effective, and properly labeled.

45. The Consumer Product Safety Commission protects consumers against harmful products and can recall dangerous ones.
Small claims courts are state courts that handle legal disputes involving amounts of money below a certain limit.
The consumers and the merchant present their case to a judge, who then makes a decision.

46. Section 4 Understanding Public Health Services
Public Health is a community wide effort to monitor and promote the welfare of the population,
Americans are living longer healthier lives.

47. Public Health Agencies
Local Level-state country and city health departments focus on disease prevention.
These agencies oversee standards of water and sewage systems, waste disposal, and the sanitation of restaurants.

48. National Cancer Institute (NCI)
National Cancer Institute (NCI) federal governments principle agencies for cancer research.

49. Environmental protection agencies (EPA)-
This agencies is responsible for protecting the country's air, water, and land.

50. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)-
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)- works to prevent injuries and safeguard the health of workers across the country.

51. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
This program helps the federal anti-hunger effort with food stamp, school lunch, and the school breakfast program.

52. Food and Safety Inspection Service (FSIS)
Food and Safety Inspection Service (FSIS)- is responsible for the safety of meat, poultry, and egg products.
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53. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) oversees over 300 health related programs.
There programs are administered by 13 agencies,
These include the following:

54. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid services
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid services (CMS)- federal insurance programs which provide health insurance to low income elderly.

55. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)- ensures safety of food, drugs, and cosmetics.

56. National Institute of Health (NIH)-
National Institute of Health (NIH)-does medical research and funds other medical researches.

57. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)- provides help for people what have alcohol or mental and emotional problems

58. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)- does research and collects data to help control the spread of disease.
Epidemiology, the scientific study of patterns of disease in a population.

59. Federal Trade Commission (FTC)-
Federal Trade Commission (FTC)- established to enforce antitrust and consumer protection laws.
works to promote

60. Federal Trade Commission (FTC)-
Federal Trade Commission (FTC)- established to enforce antitrust and consumer protection laws. works to promote