1. Revolution and change in france
Chapter 23.2 Notes
Revolution and change in france

2. The Revolution of 1830
At the end of the Napoleonic era, (1815) the Congress of Vienna restore Louis XVIII to the French throne. The French has a constitution and a legislature, but most of the power remain with the king.

3. The Revolution of 1830 A King Abdicates
Louis XVIII dies his brother Charles X inherited the throne
Charles tried to rule as an absolute monarchy
He suspended the power of the legislature resulting in citizens revolting
Within days they controlled Paris and Charles fled to England
Metternich of Austria heard of the revolution and said “ my life’s work is destroyed”

4. The Revolution of 1830 The Reign of Louis Philippe
The moderate liberal party would help start the revolution formed a constitutional monarchy and chose Louis Philippe to be the new king
He was an aristocrat who was popular with the middle class
He dressed like the middle class
They called him the citizen king
He did not act like a citizen king
He increased the number of voters but only too the wealthy
He limited freedom of the press
Very repressive, silenced those who opposed him
During his reign the working class grew poorer and the middle and upper class grew richer
Popularity decrease in 1846 with an economic depression, life was worse for all but the upper class
Revolution began again

5. Birth of a Republic The Revolution of 1848
The Revolution of 1848 began when the government banned a banquet for reformers
Angry protestors took to the streets and Louis Philippe abdicated the throne and the monarchy came to an end
The French citizens formed a republic and a new government, a republic with a President
Voters elected Napoleons nephew Louis Napoleon, as President
Era was known as the Second Republic
1st republic was under the national convention during the FR
All adult males could vote and never lost it again
Created support for a republican government
Helped the women’s rights movement
Began industrialization
Economic prosperity

6. Birth of a Republic Napoleon II and the Second Empire
The new constitution only allowed the President to serve for 4 years
In 1851 LN wanted to remain in office so he sent troops to Paris and arrested the members of the National Assembly who opposed him
He called for a national vote to decided if he should be given the power to draft a new constitution, Voters approved the measure
In another vote the next year the people voted him the emperor
Beginning the era known as the Second Empire
Increased voting rights
LN had absolute power
Built many railroads which helped increase trade

7. Birth of a Republic The Third Republic
In 1870 LN drew France into war with Prussia
LN was captured by the Prussians and surrendered
This shameful defeat led the French National Assembly to depose of LN and create the Third Republic
After the capture of LN Prussia invaded France
Prussia lost but cost France a lot of money
Third Republic Reforms
1820 education available for children 6-13
1884- trade unions legalized
1900- work hours had been reduced
1906- new act passed that required employers to give their workers one day off a week

8. The Birth of a Republic The Dreyfus Affair
All of these reforms did not solves France’s problems, divisions split French society
In 1894 the divisions came to a break point know as the Dreyfus Affair which revealed the extent of anti-Semitism in France
1894 Alfred Dreyfus was a captain in the French army and a Jew
He was falsely accused and convicted of betraying the French military and selling military secrets to the Germans
Other military leaders knew he was not guilty but because they were anti-Semitic they allowed him to take the blame
They held a public ceremony to humiliate him, the stripes from his uniform were ripped off and his sword broken, the crowd was shouting to kill him
Later evidenced showed that another officer gave the information to the Germans but he was not Jewish and was not found guilty in court
In 1897 military officers came forward with the true story but Dreyfus was not officially cleared until 1906

9. The Birth of the Republic
The Dreyfus Affair
The Dreyfus Affair divided France
Emile Zola published an open letter in 1898 in defense of Dreyfus and accusing the French government of anti-Semitism
This allowed the Dreyfus case to re-open
This resulted in Anti-Semitic protests and Zola being put on trial and found guilty of libel
The Dreyfus Affair had a huge impact on the growth of Jewish nationalism
Theodor Herzl covered the Zola and Dreyfus trial was shocked by the anti-Semitism in France and he believed the root of the problem was that the Jewish people did not have a nation of their own
Herzl published The Jewish State which outlined a plan for an independent Jewish country, developed by the help of other countries
Herzl work help start Zionism- a Jewish nationalist movement to re-create a Jewish state in its original homeland
By the 1900’s Zionist movement encouraged Jews to return to the Mediterranean, and many did