1. By Brian Cambron Kaskaskia College
Plant Reproduction
By Brian Cambron
Kaskaskia College

2. Angiosperms vs. Gymnosperms
Flowers = type of organ (many tissues and parts working for one function
Parts:
Floral shoot (at tip of shoot)
Receptacle = region of shoot where parts are attached
Sepals = base leaves, outermost, still green
Calyx = collective term for all sepals
Petals = next layer of leaves, colored, highly modified
Corolla = collective term for all petals
Stamens = fertile male reproductive organ
Pistil = fertile female reproductive organ

4. Stamens “Male” reproductive organ Consists of two parts
Anther = consists of 4 pollen chambers fused together
Filament = stalk that supports anther
Pollen chambers called microsporangia
All stamens collectively called androcia

5. Pistils “Female” reproductive organ Consists of three parts
Ovary = enlarged basal part with ovules
Style = stalk that extends from ovary to stigma
Stigma = flattened receptive area at top of pistil
Carpels = ovule bearing units, maybe many in one pistil fused together or separate
Gynoecium = collective term for all carpels
Placentae = ovule attachment within carpel

7. Petals and Sepals Modified leaves Alternately whorled
May be fused into odd arrangements
Regular and irregular symmetry
Non-photosynthetic

8. Reproductive Morphology
Flower Variation
Complete flower = has all major parts
Incomplete flower = lacks one or more flower parts
Perfect flower = flower with both stamens and pistils
Imperfect flower = with only stamens or pistils
Staminate
Pistillate (carpellate)
Varied ovary position
Superior = other flower parts attached below ovary base
Inferior = other flower parts attached to top of ovary

9. Alternation of Generations
Only in plants
Two generations to every life cycle
Sexual reproduction in plants entails meiosis
Sporophyte = produces spores
Gametophyte = produces gametes (sperm and egg cells)

11. Various ovule placentae attachements
Lilium ovary cross section showing three carpels with ovules

12. Development of the female gametophyte inside the ovule through multiple divisions starting with a megaspore.

13. Typical events of pollen tube formation and fertilization.
Plants require Double Fertilization. Two sperm cells fertilize the ovule, one for the egg and one for the endosperm.