1. Computers & Programming (CSE 102)
Course Contents
PART I : INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
Essential Basic Concepts.
Data Representation Inside Computer.
Computer System Components.
Computer Classes.
Computer Networks & Internet.
Computer Applications.
Computer Generations.
Computers & Programming (CSE 102)

2. Computer Networks

3. Two or more computers connected to exchange data
Computer Networks
Two or more computers connected to exchange data
Networks facilitate the exchange of data very far and very fast
Dr.Magdy A. Ahmed - Dr. Yousry Taha
Computers & Programming (CSE 102)

4. Interactive exchange of data, voice, and video
Network applications
Commercial
Bank, travel agency, e-commerce
Military
Entertainment
Interactive exchange of data, voice, and video
Dr.Magdy A. Ahmed - Dr. Yousry Taha
Computers & Programming (CSE 102)

5. Local Area Network (LAN) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Categories of Network
Local Area Network (LAN)
Connect computers within small area (1 km)
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Connect computers within medium area (about 10 km)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Connect computers within vast area
Dr.Magdy A. Ahmed - Dr. Yousry Taha
Computers & Programming (CSE 102)

6. Why we use computer Networks?
Access data and applications in remote computers
Resources Sharing
Reliability
Scalability
Providing services ( ) - (Chatting) - (Video Conferencing) - (Social Networking)
Dr.Magdy A. Ahmed - Dr. Yousry Taha
Computers & Programming (CSE 102)

7. Communication Elements
Sender
Receiver
Message
Communication channel
Direct link
Switching nodes
Dr.Magdy A. Ahmed - Dr. Yousry Taha
Computers & Programming (CSE 102)

8. Data Transmission media
Wireless
Wired
Dr.Magdy A. Ahmed - Dr. Yousry Taha
Computers & Programming (CSE 102)

9. Computers & Programming (CSE 102)
Internet
History
connected devices (ARPANET)
1972 – 72 connected devices
1982– 254 connected devices
Now it has millions of devices world wide and called “Internet”
Services
Social Networking
Web Searching
Electronic Mail or
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Telnet (remote login)
Computers & Programming (CSE 102)

10. Program Development and Programming Languages

11. Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
To have a well defined approach to develop and maintain software
Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is:
1-Problem Analysis
2-Program Design
3-Program Coding
4-Program Debugging and Testing
5-Program Maintenance
Dr.Magdy A. Ahmed - Dr. Yousry Taha
Computers & Programming (CSE 102)

12. SDLC : 1- Problem Analysis
Define and understand the problem
Inputs
Outputs
User requirements
System requirements
Project schedule
Start thinking in programming tools
Input
Output
Requirements
SW tools
Schedule
Dr.Magdy A. Ahmed - Dr. Yousry Taha
Computers & Programming (CSE 102)

13. Computers & Programming (CSE 102)
SDLC: 2- Program Design
Designers suggest how to solve the problem
Algorithm
Sequence of deterministic steps to solve the problem
 Pseudocode
Represent the solution in a form like the high level language
It is free from the technical details
It is easy to convert it to high level language program
 Flowchart
It represents the algorithm by standard symbols
Computers & Programming (CSE 102)

14. Pseudocode vs Flowchart
Convert a length in meter to length in centimeter
Pseudocode
Read length in meter
Multiply length by 100
Write length to represent its value in centimetre
Start
End
Read length in meter
Write length in centimetre
Length in cm = 100 * length in m
Flowchart
Computers & Programming (CSE 102)

15. Computers & Programming (CSE 102)
SDLC: 3- Program Coding To convert the algorithm to a program using a programming language
SDLC: 4- Program Debugging and Testing
To ensure the program is bug free and execute correctly
Debugging
To check that the code has no:
Compile-Time Errors
Run-Time Errors
Logical Errors (the hardest)
Testing
To test the program using designed test data
We should test all scenarios and all possible cases
Computers & Programming (CSE 102)

16. SDLC: 5- Program Maintenance
It starts after using the program
To fix bugs discovered in real environment
To satisfy new user requirements
To satisfy new changes in the problem
To adapt with new technology in SW and Computing environment
Documentation
All development steps should be documented
It helps programmers and review and improve their systems
It helps new programmers to maintain old systems
Computers & Programming (CSE 102)

17. Computers & Programming (CSE 102)
Flowcharts
One of the common method to design algorithm
Standard symbols are used for representation
Symbols are connected by Flow lines
Computers & Programming (CSE 102)

18. Basic symbols of Flowchart
Terminal
Computational Step (process) 
Input / Output
Decision Making
Predefined Process
Connector
start
end
Z = X + Y
Input X
X > Y
Abs(x) 1 2
Computers & Programming (CSE 102)

19. Flowcharts Control Structures.
All algorithms could be built using:
Sequential structure
Conditional structure
Looping structure
Read length in meter
Length in cm = 100 * length in m
Computers & Programming (CSE 102)

20. Examples
Write a program to ask the user for the width and length of a piece of land and then tell him how many orange trees he can grow on it. Given that each orange tree requires 4 m2.

21. Examples
Write a program to ask the user for the radius of a circle, and then display its area and circumference.

22. Flowcharts Control Structures
All algorithms could be built using:
Sequential structure
Conditional structure
Looping structure T F
Computers & Programming (CSE 102)

23. Example
Write a program to ask a student for his grades in 3 exams ( each out of 50 ) , get their total and inform the student whether he passed or failed the course.

24. Flowcharts Control Structures
All algorithms could be built using:
Sequential structure
Conditional structure
Looping structure T F
For I=1 to 10
Next I
Computers & Programming (CSE 102)

25. Example
Assume you put 1000 pounds in a projects that returns a profit of about 5% per year. How long will it take for your money to double ?
Assume you put 5000 pounds in a projects that returns a profit of about 10% per year. How much money will you have in 5 years ?

26. Computers & Programming (CSE 102)
Example:
Input A, B
X=A
SUM=0
X<=B
SUM=SUM+X
X=X+5
Print SUM
Start
End No
Yes
Design an algorithm to print out the sum of all numbers between A and B and divisible by 5
(where A is a multiple of 5)
Computers & Programming (CSE 102)