1. Do Now: Review your notes about substitution and addition and reactions and then complete this chart:
Name
Molecular formula
Structural formula
2,3-dichloropentane
diethyl ether
2-pentene
butanoic acid

2. These are the common reactions that occur in organic chemistry
Organic reactions
These are the common reactions that occur in organic chemistry

3. Organic reactions
Generally organic rxns are SLOWER than inorganic rxns,
because there are many strong covalent bonds to break and form.

4. Combustion Burn in the presence of oxygen
Almost all organic compounds will burn to produce CO2 and H2O.
Potential energy of the C—H bond is released as heat.
When the O2 supply is limited, dangerous CO is produced in incomplete combustion.

5. Combustion
Practice: Write the rxn for the combustion of methane

6. Substitution Replace one H atom on an alkane with a halogen.
2 reactants and 2 products.
Produces a halocarbon.

7. Substitution
Practice: Write the rxn of chlorine gas and ethane.

8. Addition Add atoms across a double (or triple) bond.
2 reactants and 1 product.
Practice: Write the rxn of chlorine gas and propene.

9. Addition Hydrogenation is the addition of hydrogen.
Practice: Write the rxn of hydrogen gas with ethene.

10. Esterification An acid and an alcohol react to form an ESTER.
Dehydration synthesis (water is removed from the molecule)
Look at the rxn of propanoic acid and ethanol (you do not need to draw this on the test)

11. Saponification Soap making
Reaction of a fat with a base (ex. NaOH) to produce soap and glycerol.
Practice: What are the structural and molecular formulas for glycerol? (Hint: it is a trihydroxy alcohol).

12. Fermentation Breaking sugars into alcohols
Product is always an alcohol

13. Polymerization
A polymer is a very long chain of smaller molecules (called monomers)

14. Polymerization Naturally occurring polymers:
Starch and cellulose (glucose is the monomer)
Review from Bio (not on test):
Protein is a polymer of amino acids.
DNA is a polymer of nucleotides.

15. Polymerization Artificially synthesized organic polymers:
Nylon, rayon, polyester, polyethylene, and most plastics.

16. Addition Polymerization
Joining monomers of unsaturated hydrocarbons.

17. Condensation Polymerization
Water is removed as the polymer is formed.

18. Know these reactions!