Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
1
Carbs, Proteins, Lipids and Nucleic Acids
Molecules of Life Carbs, Proteins, Lipids and Nucleic Acids
2
Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are better known as sugars
These supply organisms with energy and structural support They come from a variety of sources and come in a variety of shapes and sizes They are polymers that come in repeating units
3
Carbohydrates Monosaccharides are single units of sugar
Saccar is Greek for sugar Disaccharides are two monosaccharides joined together Polysaccharides are three or more monosaccharides put together
4
Carbohydrates Monosaccharides are generally have molecular formulas that are similar to glucose C6H12O6 They also have two other trademarks of a sugar Hydroxyl Groups A carbonyl group
5
Carbohydrates Most common monosaccharides form in rings
This is a structurally more stable arrangement Common monosaccharides are glucose and fructose Some common disaccharides are maltose and lactose
6
Carbohydrates Polysaccharides do many different functions and can be thousands of monomers long Some common ones are starch, cellulose and chitin
7
Table Name Monomer Polymer Function Calories/Gram Carbohydrates
monosaccharide polysaccharide Energy and structural 4 k/g
8
Proteins Proteins are polymers that contain on of 20 amino acids
Amino acids are compounds that contain three major things held together by a central carbon Amino Group Carboxyl Group An R’ group
9
Proteins Amino acids link together to create a larger segment called a linear polypeptide They link together by a dehydration reaction Once linked they have a specific type of bond called a peptide bond
10
Proteins When multiple amino acids come together they can bend, twist and turn to be structurally stable The molecule will twist based on what amino acid sequence is in the protein
11
Proteins The structure of the protein determines its function
The specific shape makes the protein fit in to receptors or enzymes
12
Proteins Protein functions include Structure Signaling
Enzymes (biological catalysts) Energy
13
Structural, Signaling, Enzymes, Energy
Table Name Monomer Polymer Function Calories/Gram Carbohydrates monosaccharide polysaccharide Energy and structural 4 k/g Proteins Amino acids Polypeptides/ Structural, Signaling, Enzymes, Energy
14
Lipids Lipids are diverse compounds that are grouped together because they do not mix with water You can see this in any bottle of salad dressing where the oil does not mix with the vinegar Lipids do not follow the typical monomer and polymer
15
Lipids One major type of lipid is a fat
Fats are large molecules made from smaller molecules, glycerol and fatty acids A glycerol is a three carbon alcohol A triglyceride is a glycerol that has three carbon chains attached to it A fatty acid is a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group attached
16
Lipids Some fatty acids have double bonds and some do not
Fatty acids with no double bonds are considered saturated fatty acids Fatty acids with one or more double bonds are considered unsaturated fatty acids
17
Lipids Fats have the function of long term energy storage
Carbohydrates and proteins contain 4 calories/gram of energy Fats contain 9 calories/gram of energy
18
Lipids Phospholipids are similar to fats, but they contain only two fatty acid chains This makes the “head” a slightly different charge than the “tail” These form in double layers that wrap around the cell
19
Lipids Steroids are lipids in which the carbon skeleton contains four fused rings Cholesterol is a type of steroid Waxes are a different type of lipid that have long chains of carbons
20
Table Name Monomer Polymer Function Calories/Gram Carbohydrates
monosaccharide polysaccharide Energy and structural 4 k/g Proteins Amino acids Polypeptides/ Structural, Signaling, Enzymes, Energy Lipids Long term energy storage 9 k/g
21
Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids are long chains of repeating molecules
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) are the two types These both are used to store and send information
22
Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids have monomers called nucleotides
A nucleotide is a molecule that contains a phosphate group, a sugar and a nitrogenous base The nitrogen base can be different from nucleotide to nucleotide
23
Nucleic Acids Nucleotides fit together to form a long chain polymer
DNA forms a double helix RNA forms a single helix
24
Table Name Monomer Polymer Function Calories/Gram Carbohydrates
monosaccharide polysaccharide Energy and structural 4 k/g Lipids Long term energy storage 9 k/g Proteins Amino acids Polypeptides/ Structural, Signaling, Enzymes, Energy Nucleic Acids nucleotide DNA/RNA Information Storage
Similar presentations
